기관지 폐 이형성증을 가진 극소 저체중 출생아에서 폐고혈압증
Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants (<1,500 g)
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목적: 극소 저체중 출생아에서 폐고혈압증은 기관지 폐 이형성증의 대표적인 심폐관련 합병증으로 높은 사망률과 합병증과연관되어 있으나, 이에 대한 연구는 드문 실정이다. 이에 본 저자들은 기관지 폐 이형성증을 가진 극소 저체중 출생아에서 폐고혈압증의 유병률, 경과 및 치료뿐 아니라 예후 및 이와 관련된 인자들에 대해 확인해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2007년 7월까지 성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 출생 체중 1,500g 미만 환아 865명 중 28일 이상 산소 치료를 필요로 하였던220명을 대상으로 하였다. 심장 초음파 검사상 삼첨판 역류 속도 3 m/s 이상이 확인되면서, 우심실 비대 혹은 심실 중격이 평형함이 관찰되는 경우를 폐고혈압으로 진단하였으며, 이들을대조군과 비교하였다. 환아들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여, 인구학적, 주산기 인자, 합병증, 사망률을 비교하였으며, 폐고혈압증을 가진 환아 중 사망군과 생존군으로 나누어 이들의특성 및 관련인자를 분석하였다. 결과: 기관지 폐 이형성증을 가진 VLBWI 218명 중 14명(6%)에서 폐고혈압증이 발생하였으며, 모두 중등도 이상의 기관지폐 이형성증에서 발생하였다. 폐고혈압증은 평균 생후 133일(40-224일)에 진단 받았으며, 중증 기관지 폐 이형성증, 부당 경량아, 외부 환아는 폐고혈압증 발생과 관련된 인자이다. 기관지폐 이형성증에서 발생한 폐고혈압증의 사망률은 57%이며, 중증 기관지 폐 이형성증은 사망의 중요한 원인이다. 생존한 환아에서 회복되는데 까지 걸리는 시간은 평균 3개월이었다결론: 극소 저체중 출생아에서 기관지 폐 이형성증과 관련된폐고혈압증은 높은 사망률 및 합병증을 보이며, 이들의 발생 및예후는 기관지 폐 이형성증 정도와 연관성이 있다. 이들의 조기진단을 위해 중등도 이상의 기관지 폐 이형성증 환아에서 정기적인 선별검사 및 퇴원 이후에도 장기간 지속적인 추적 관찰이필요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: Although infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at risk of developing secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH),which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little has been reported about the incidence, clinical course and prognosis of PH secondary to BPD in premature infants. This study was done to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical course,and the ultimate prognosis of PH developed secondary to BPD in very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g). Methods: Medical records of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) admitted to Samsung Medical Center NICU from January 2000to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. BPD was defined by Jobe’s classification. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was established as velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) ≥3 m/s and a flattening of the intraventricular septum by conducting Doppler echocardiography. Results: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was 6% in VLBWI with BPD and it developed in moderate to severe BPD. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made on postnatal 133 days (range 40-224 days) and the risk factors related to developing pulmonary hypertension were severe BPD, small for gestational age and outborn infants. The mortality rate was 57% and especially higher in severe BPD (70%). The time to recovery spent 3 months (range 1-10 months) in survived patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, pulmonary hypertension secondary to BPD in VLBWI related to severity of BPD and had a poor prognosis. We expect that regular long-term echocardiography may be helpful in treating reversible in VLBWI with moderate to severe BPD.
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