Comparing English and Korean speakers’ word-final /rl/ clusters using dynamic time warping
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The English word-final /rl/ cluster poses a particular problem for Korean learners of English because it is the sequence of two sounds, /r/ and /l/, which are not contrastive in Korean. This study compared the similarity distances between English and Korean speakers’ /rl/ productions using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The words with /rl/ (pearl, world) and without /rl/ (bird, word) were recorded by four English speakers and four Korean speakers, and compared pairwise. The F2-F1 trajectories, the acoustic correlate of velarized /l/, and F3 trajectories, the acoustic correlate of /r/, were examined. Formant analysis showed that English speakers lowered F2-F1 values toward the end of a word, unlike Korean speakers, suggesting the absence of /l/ in Korean speakers. In contrast, there was no significant difference in F3 values. Mixed-effects regression analyses of the DTW distances revealed that Korean speakers produced /r/ similarly to English speakers but failed to produce the velarized /l/ in /rl/ clusters.
Abstract
The English word-final /rl/ cluster poses a particular problem for Korean learners of English because it is the sequence of two sounds, /r/ and /l/, which are not contrastive in Korean. This study compared the similarity distances between English and Korean speakers’ /rl/ productions using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The words with /rl/ (pearl, world) and without /rl/ (bird, word) were recorded by four English speakers and four Korean speakers, and compared pairwise. The F2-F1 trajectories, the acoustic correlate of velarized /l/, and F3 trajectories, the acoustic correlate of /r/, were examined. Formant analysis showed that English speakers lowered F2-F1 values toward the end of a word, unlike Korean speakers, suggesting the absence of /l/ in Korean speakers. In contrast, there was no significant difference in F3 values. Mixed-effects regression analyses of the DTW distances revealed that Korean speakers produced /r/ similarly to English speakers but failed to produce the velarized /l/ in /rl/ clusters.
참고문헌 (38)
- Allen, G. D., "Transcription of the American", r, Proceedings of the IPS-77Congress, pp.1979[DOI]
- "Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 6.1.35)" (2020)[URL]
- Borden, G., "Production and perception of the", r, l, pp.contrast in Korean adults learning English, Language Learning[DOI]
- Boujnah, S., "Advanced methods for human biometrics", pp.139~146 (2021), Springer
- Carr, P., "English phonetics and phonology : An introduction" (2020), Wiley-Blackwell
- Celce-Murcia, M., "English pronunciation : A course book and reference guide" (2010), Cambridge University Press
- Cho, S., "Automated analysis of digitized letter fluency data", Frontiers in Psychology, 12, pp.654214~ (2021)
- 정현주, "Acoustic Characteristics of Adults’ Rhotic Monophthongs and Diphthongs", Communication Sciences and Disorders, 19(1), pp.113~119 (2014), 한국언어청각임상학회[DOI]
- Delattre, P., "A dialect study of American R's by X-ray motion picture", Linguistics : An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Language Sciences, 6(44), pp.29~68 (1968)
- Espy-Wilson, C. Y., "Acoustic measures for linguistic features distinguishing the semivowels", w j r l, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, pp.1992, 92(2)[DOI]
- "Parselmouth Praat scripts in Python" (2022)[URL]
- Feng, Z., "Effects of identification and pronunciation training methods on L2 speech perception and production : Training adult Japanese speakers to perceive and produce English", r, l, Studies in Applied Linguistics & TESOL[DOI]
- Flege, J. E., "The production of"new"and"similar"phones in a foreign language : Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification", Journal of Phonetics, 15(1), pp.47~65 (1987)
- Gimson, A. C., "An introduction to the pronunciation of English" (1989), Edward Arnold
- Giorgino, T., "Computing and visualizing dynamic time warping alignments in R : The dtw package", Journal of Statistical Software, 31(7), pp.1~24 (2009)
- Guenther, F. H., "Articulatory tradeoffs reduce acoustic variability during American English", r, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, pp.1999, 105(5)[DOI]
- 황영, "한국인 미국영어 학습자들이 발화한 단어 말 영어", ɹ, 음성음운형태론연구, pp.2021, 27(2)[DOI]
- Idemaru, K., "The developmental trajectory of children's perception and production of English", r, l, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America[DOI]
- Ingram, J. C. L., "Language, context, and speaker effects in the identification and discrimination of English", r, l, pp.by Japanese and Korean listeners, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America[DOI]
- Iverson, G. K., "Theoretical issues in Korean linguistics", pp.79~100 (1994), Stanford University Centre for the Study of Language and Information
- Jadoul, Y., "Introducing Parselmouth : A Python interface to Praat", Journal of Phonetics, 71, pp.1~15 (2018)
- Jang, T., "Construction of an English speech database for Korean learners of English", Language and Linguistics, 35, pp.293~310 (2005)
- Johnson, K., "Acoustic and auditory phonetics" (2003), Blackwell
- Kang, H. S., "Production and perception of English", r, l, pp.by Korean learners of English : An experimental study, Speech Sciences[DOI]
- Kasuya, H., "Voice source and vocal tract characteristics associated with speaker individuality", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 94), pp.1459~1462 (1994)
- 김려은, "한국인 영어학습자의 영어 발음 평가 등급에 따른 유음 발화 양상 연구", 영어학, 19(1), pp.53~75 (2019), 한국영어학회[DOI]
- Kwon, J. S., "An experimental study on the English sonorant cluster", rl, Master, pp.Hankuk University of Foreign Studies[DOI]
- Ladefoged, P., "The sounds of the world's languages" (1996), Blackwell
- Ladefoged, P., "A course in phonetics" (2011), Cengage Learning
- Park, S., "An analysis of the causes of English mispronunciation by Korean learners and solution for their improvement", Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea, 40, pp.113~143 (2004)
- 박성진, "Acoustic characteristics of English liquids produced by Korean learners of English", 음성음운형태론연구, 22(2), pp.289~315 (2016), 한국음운론학회[DOI]
- "R: A language and environment for statistical computing" (2021)[URL]
- Regier, K. T., "Formant trajectory analysis using dynamic time warping : Preliminary results", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 136(4), pp.2082~ (2014)
- Sakoe, H., "Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 26(1), pp.43~49 (1978)
- 손형숙, "Phonetic Implementation of the Darkness of English Word-final", l, 영어학, pp.2020, 20[DOI]
- Sproat, R., "Allophonic variation in English", l, Journal of Phonetics, pp.1993, 21(3)[DOI]
- Stevens, K., "Acoustic phonetics" (1998), MIT Press
- Zhou, X., "A magnetic resonance imaging-based articulatory and acoustic study of"retroflex"and"bunched"American English", r, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, pp.2008, 123(6)[DOI]