공공사회지출이 자살률에 미치는 영향 : OECD 국가를 중심으로
The Association Between Public Social Expenditure and Suicides: Evidence from OECD Countries
0
조회
0
다운로드
16
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives : This study aimed to examine the association between public social expenditure (PSE) and suicides in the 27 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) from 1980 to 2003. Methods : The age-standardized suicide rates and their annual change (%) were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007. As a measure of social protection, the PSE (% GDP) was used. The covariates included the annual divorce rate (/100,000 population), fertility rate (number of children/woman aged 15 to 49 years), GDP per capita (US$ PPP), male unemployment rate (%), life expectancy (years) and alcohol consumption (liter/capita) for each country, which were all obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007 and the OECD Social Indicators 2006. Using hierarchical linear models that included these covariates, the effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1) and the annual percent change (Model 2) were examined (Model 3). Also, sub-sample analyses were done for six countries that experienced political/economic transition. Results : We could not find significant effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1), but we observed significantly negative effects on the annual percent change for men and women (Model 2). Such findings were replicated in the sub-sample analysis, and moreover, the effect size was much larger (Model 3). Conclusions : Our finding suggests that social welfare protection can be a pivotal factor for suicide epidemiology, and especially in countries experiencing a social crisis or transition.
Abstract
Objectives : This study aimed to examine the association between public social expenditure (PSE) and suicides in the 27 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) from 1980 to 2003. Methods : The age-standardized suicide rates and their annual change (%) were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007. As a measure of social protection, the PSE (% GDP) was used. The covariates included the annual divorce rate (/100,000 population), fertility rate (number of children/woman aged 15 to 49 years), GDP per capita (US$ PPP), male unemployment rate (%), life expectancy (years) and alcohol consumption (liter/capita) for each country, which were all obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007 and the OECD Social Indicators 2006. Using hierarchical linear models that included these covariates, the effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1) and the annual percent change (Model 2) were examined (Model 3). Also, sub-sample analyses were done for six countries that experienced political/economic transition. Results : We could not find significant effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1), but we observed significantly negative effects on the annual percent change for men and women (Model 2). Such findings were replicated in the sub-sample analysis, and moreover, the effect size was much larger (Model 3). Conclusions : Our finding suggests that social welfare protection can be a pivotal factor for suicide epidemiology, and especially in countries experiencing a social crisis or transition.
참고문헌 (34)
- World Health Organization, "WHO Mortality 2006" (2006)
- McLoone P, "Suicide and deprivation in Scotland", BMJ, 312(7030), pp.543~544 (1996)
- 박재영, "인구사회적 요인, 암, 일부 정신질환 등이 자살에 미치는 영향: 성별, 연령별 분석", 예방의학회지, 41(1), pp.51~60 (2008), 대한예방의학회
- Maris R, "Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology" (2000), The Guilford Press
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "OECD Health Data 2007" (2007)
- 제영묘, "자살과 정신 장애", 생물치료정신의학, 10(1), pp.3~10 (2004), 대한생물치료정신의학회
- 김원, "선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제는 자살을 유발하는가? : 연구결과들의 비판적 검토", 대한정신약물학회지, 18(1), pp.25~35 (2007), 대한정신약물학회
- 박종순, "우리나라에서 경제성장률과 실업률이 자살률에 미치는 영향", 예방의학회지, 36(1), pp.85~91 (2003), 대한예방의학회
- "Happy President?"[URL]
- Song HG, "Globalization and Welfare States" (2001), Nanam Co
- Zimmerman S, "States public welfare expenditures as predictors of state suicide rates", Suicide Life Threat Behav, 17(4), pp.271~287 (1987)
- Minoiu C, "The effect of public spending on suicide: Evidence from U.S. state data", J Socio Econ, 37(1), pp.237~261 (2008)
- Robert H, "Comparative Health Policy" (2007), Palgrave macmillan
- Shin D, "Cultural and social-structural causes of homicide and suicide: A test for Merton s Anomie Theory", Korean Sociol Assoc, 38(4), pp.33~71 (2004)
- Lynch J, "Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 2. U.S. National and regional trends in income inequality and age- and causespecific mortality", Milbank Q, 82(2), pp.355~400 (2004)
- Howden-Chapman P, "The Impact of Economic Recession on Youth Suicide: A Comparison of New Zealand and Finland", Wellington: Ministry of Health (2005)
- Veronika VE, "Structural features of female employment status and earnings mobility: The experience in Germany", Rev Soc Econ, 61(4), pp.511~533 (2003)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "Society at a Glance: OECD Social Indicators 2006" (2006)
- Andres A, "Income inequality, unemployment, and suicide: A panel data analysis of 15 European countries", Appl Econ, 37(4), pp.439~451 (2005)
- Cormier HJ, "Unemployment and male-female labor force participation as determinants of changing suicide rates of males and females in Quebec", Soc Psychiatry, 20(3), pp.109~114 (1985)
- Judith DS, "Using sas proc mixed to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models", J Educ Behav Stat, 23(4), pp.323~355 (1998)
- Nasrullah M, "Does economic level similarly matter for injury mortality in the OECD and non-OECD countries?", Safety Sci, 46(5), pp.784~791 (2008)
- Isacsson G, "Suicide prevention: A medical breakthrough?", Acta Psychiatr Scand, 102(2), pp.113~117 (2000)
- Lorant V, "A European comparative study of marital status and socio-economic inequalities in suicide", Soc Sci Med, 60(11), pp.2431~2441 (2005), The EU Working Group
- Hassen R, "Social Factors in Suicide in Australia" (1996), Australian Institute of Criminology
- Durkheim E, "Le Suicide" (2005), Le Suicide
- Kim H, "Changes in mortality after the recent economic crisis in South Korea", Ann Epidemiol, 14(6), pp.442~446 (2004)
- Makinen IH, "Eastern European transition and suicide mortality", Soc Sci Med, 51(9), pp.1405~1420 (2000)
- Makinen IH, "Suicide mortality of Eastern European regions before and after the Communist period", Soc Sci Med, 63(2), pp.307~319 (2006)
- Lisa B, , Hanul academy Co
- Chung H, "Political and welfare state determinants of infant and child health indicators: An analysis of wealthy countries", Soc Sci Med, 63(3), pp.829~842 (2006)
- Navarro V, "Politics and health outcomes", Lancet, 368(9540), pp.1033~1037 (2006)
- Ben-Shlomo Y, "Real epidemiologists don t do ecological studies?", Int J Epidemiol, 34(6), pp.1181~1182 (2005)
- Schwartz S, "The fallacy of the ecological fallacy: The potential misuse of a concept and the consequences", Am J Public Health, 84(5), pp.819~824 (1994)