일개 농촌지역의 초등학생과 주민에서 다환성 방향족 탄화수소와 톨루엔 노출이 요중 Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance 농도에 미치는 영향
Effects of the Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon or Toluene on Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance Level in Elementary School Children and Elderlies in a Rural Area
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toluene have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low level exposure to PAHs or toluene on the lipid peroxidation level in elementary school children and the elderly in a rural area. Methods : Forty seven elementary school children and 40 elderly people who were living in a rural area and not occupationally exposed to PAH or toluene were the subjects of this study. Information about active or passive smoking and diet was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2- naphthol, hippuric acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured, and these values were corrected with the urinary creatinine concentration. Results : In school children, the geometric means of the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and TBARS levels were 0.02 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.47 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.14 g/g creatinine and 0.95 Gmol/g creatinine, respectively. Those values for the elderly were 0.07 Gmol/mol creatinine, 1.87 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.11 g/g creatinine and 1.18 G mol/g creatinine, respectively. The mean levels of urinary 1- OHP, 2-naphthol and TBARS were significantly higher in the elderly subjects than in the children. The urinary TBARS level was not correlated with the urinary 1-OHP, 2- naphthol and hippuric acid, but they were correlated with the age of the subjects. Conclusions : These results suggest that low level inhalation exposure to PAH or toluene does not markedly increase lipid peroxidation, and age is a significant determinant of lipid peroxidation.
Abstract
Objectives : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toluene have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low level exposure to PAHs or toluene on the lipid peroxidation level in elementary school children and the elderly in a rural area. Methods : Forty seven elementary school children and 40 elderly people who were living in a rural area and not occupationally exposed to PAH or toluene were the subjects of this study. Information about active or passive smoking and diet was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2- naphthol, hippuric acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured, and these values were corrected with the urinary creatinine concentration. Results : In school children, the geometric means of the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and TBARS levels were 0.02 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.47 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.14 g/g creatinine and 0.95 Gmol/g creatinine, respectively. Those values for the elderly were 0.07 Gmol/mol creatinine, 1.87 Gmol/mol creatinine, 0.11 g/g creatinine and 1.18 G mol/g creatinine, respectively. The mean levels of urinary 1- OHP, 2-naphthol and TBARS were significantly higher in the elderly subjects than in the children. The urinary TBARS level was not correlated with the urinary 1-OHP, 2- naphthol and hippuric acid, but they were correlated with the age of the subjects. Conclusions : These results suggest that low level inhalation exposure to PAH or toluene does not markedly increase lipid peroxidation, and age is a significant determinant of lipid peroxidation.
참고문헌 (43)
- I.A.R.C., "IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Human: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon", IARC Monographs, 32, pp.135~308 (1983), International Agency for Research on Cancer
- Becher, G., "Determination of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by analysis of human urine", Cancer Lett, 17(3), pp.301~311 (1983)
- Hansen, A.M., "Determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography", J Anal Toxicol, 17(1), pp.38~41 (1993)
- Jongeneelen, F.J., "Determination of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine", J Chromatogr, 413, pp.227~232 (1987)
- Jacob, J., "The metabolism of pyrene by rat liver microsomes and the influence of various mono-oxygenase inducers", Xenobiotica, 12(1), pp.45~53 (1982)
- Hoke, H., "Metabolism and toxicity of diisopropylnaphthalene as compared to naphthalene and monoalkyl naphthalenes: A minireview", Toxicology, 126(1), pp.1~7 (1998)
- Kim, H., "Assay of 2-naphthol in human urine by high-performance liquid chromato graphy", J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 734(2), pp.211~217 (1999)
- Kim, H., "Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2- naphthol concentrations in male Koreans", Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 74(1), pp.59~62 (2001)
- Clayton, G.D., "PattyÔs Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology", pp.3283~3291 (1981), John Wiley & Sons
- Dodds, J., "A comparison of the cognitive functioning of glue-sniffers and nonsniffers", J Pediatr, 64(4), pp.565~570 (1964)
- National Institute of Occupational Safet, "Criteria for a Recommended Standard- Occupational Exposure to Toluene" (1978), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
- Lee, C.U., "Urinary hippuric acid extraction in toluene exposed workers", Korean J Prev Med, 21(2), pp.374~379 (1988)
- Baselt, R.C., "Plasma and urine concentrations of methapyrilene by nitrogenphosphorus gas-liquid chromatography", J Chromatogr, 183(2), pp.234~238 (1980)
- Hasegawa, K., "Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to toluene", Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 52(3), pp.197~208 (1983)
- Ogata, M., "Quantitation of urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, benzene and phenol by automated high performance liquid chromatography", Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 59(3), pp.263~272 (1987)
- Sim, S.H., "Effect of benzoic acid containing foods on the urinary hippuric acid concentration in workers exposed to toluene", Korean J Occup Environ Med, 8(3), pp.526~534 (1996)
- Floyd, R.A., "Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, hydroxyl free radical adduct of DNA in granulocytes exposed to the tumor promoter, tetradecanoylphorbolacetate", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 137(2), pp.841~846 (1986)
- Floyd, R.A., "The role of 8-hydroxyguanine in carcinogenesis", Carcinogenesis, 11(9), pp.1447~1450 (1990)
- Ding, A.H., "Singlet oxygen in coppercatalyzed lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes", Lipids, 19(4), pp.278~284 (1984)
- Fridovich, I., "The biology of oxygen radicals", Science, 201(4359), pp.875~88 (1978)
- Draper, H.H., "Urinary malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the diet and in the tissues", Lipids, 19(11), pp.836~843 (1984)
- Chen, H.J., "Measurement of urinary excretion of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in human by GC", NICI, Toxicol Lett, pp.2005, 155(3)[DOI]
- Kang, J.W., "Correlation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2- naphthol with total suspended particulates in ambient air in municipal middle-school students in Korea", Arch Environ Health, 57(4), pp.377~382 (2002)
- Kang, J.W., "Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol as a biological exposure markers of total suspended particulate in the general population", Korean J Prev Med, 33(3), pp.306~312 (2000)
- Cirillo, T., "Multipathway polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and pyrene exposure among children living in Campania", J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 41(10), pp.2089~2107 (2006)
- Cavanagh, J.A., "Elevated concentrations of 1- hydroxypyrene in schoolchildren during winter in Christchurch, New Zealand", Sci Total Environ, 374(1), pp.51~59 (2007)
- Ruchirawat, M., "Measurement of genotoxic air pollutant exposures in street vendors and school children in and near Bangkok", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 206(2), pp.207~214 (2005)
- Mucha, A.P., "Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in 3-year-old Ukrainian children", Environ Health Perspect, 114(4), pp.603~609 (2006)
- Park, S.Y., "Effect of genetic polymorphisms of MnSOD and MPO on the relationship between PAH exposure and oxidative DNA damage", Mutat Res, 593(1-2), pp.108~115 (2006)
- Siqueira, M.E., "Hippuric acid in urine: reference values", Rev Saude Publica, 36(6), pp.723~727 (2002)
- Villanueva, M.B., "Dietary sources and background levels of hippuric acid in urine: Comparison of Philippine and Japanese levels", Ind Health, 32(4), pp.239~246 (1994)
- Chang, S.H., "A study on the correlation of ambient toluene and xylene with biological monitoring index", Korean J Occup Environ Med, 7(2), pp.295~305 (1995)
- Choi Chang Won, Shim Jae Won, Ko Sun Young, Shin Son Moon, Kim Sung Shin, Chang Yun Sil, Park Won Soon, Hwang Jong Hee, Lee Eun Kyung, "Decreasing Incidence of Chronic Lung Disease Despite the Gradual Reduction of Postnatal Dexamethasone Use in Very Low Birth Weight Infants", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 19(4), pp.514~518 (2004), 대한의학회
- Sumboonnanonda, A., "Renal tubular dysfunction in alpha-thalassemia", Pediatr Nephrol, 18(3), pp.257~260 (2003)
- Goulart, M., "Lipoperoxidation products and thiol antioxidants in chromium exposed workers", Mutagenesis, 20(5), pp.311~315 (2005)
- 임종한, "국내 일부 소각장 근로자와 주변지역주민들의 PCDDs", Fs 노출과 건강 영향 평가, 2003, pp.36(4), 2~322[DOI]
- Jacob, R.A., "Moderate antioxidant supplementation has no effect on biomarkers of oxidant damage in healthy men with low fruit and vegetable intakes", J Nutr, 133(3), pp.740~743 (2003)
- Agarwal, R., "Smoking, oxidative stress and inflammation: Impact on resting energy expenditure in diabetic nephropathy", B.M.C Nephrol, 6(13) (2005)
- Thompson, H.J., "Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markers of oxidative cellular damage", Carcinogenesis, 20(12), pp.2261~2266
- Jenkinson, A., "Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and indices of oxidative stress in human volunteers", Eur J Clin Nutr, 53(7), pp.523~528 (1999)
- Autrup, H., "Biomarkers for exposure to ambient air pollution--comparison of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels with other exposure markers and markers for oxidative stress", Environ Health, 107(3), pp.233~238 (1999)
- Özbay, B., "Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in Turkish population: relation to age, gender, exercise, and smoking", Tohoku J Exp Med, 197(2), pp.119~124 (2002)
- Traverso, N., "Anti malondialdehyde-adduct immunological response as a possible marker of successful aging", Exp Gerontol, 38(10), pp.1029~1135 (2003)