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공공지원기관에 대한 지각된 고객지향성과 소상 공인의 지속적 경쟁우위 확보노력의 관계에 관한 연구

An Examination of the Relationship between Perceived Customer Orientation toward Government and Public Institutions and Small Businesses’ Efforts for Sustainable Competitive Advantage

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초록

소상공인에 대한 선행연구들은 주로 소상공인의 내부적 요소에 집중하여 진행되었으며 소상공인 사업에 영향을 주는 다른 이해관계자의 영향은 고려되지 않았다. 본 연구는 정부 및 공공기관에 대한 소상공인의 고객지향성 지각이 소상공인의 마케팅 역량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 소상공인과 공공기관 사이의 구축된 관계특유투자가 고객지향성과 마케팅 역량 사이에 조절효과가 있는지 확인하였다. 또한 소상공인의 마케팅 역량이 지속적 경쟁우위 확보노력에 어떻게 작용하는지 파악하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 409명의 소상공인을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하고 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 정부 및 공공기관에 대해 소상공인의 지각된 고객지향성은 마케팅 계획능력과 마케팅 실행능력으로 이루어진 마케팅 역량을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소상공인의 마케팅역량은 소상공인의 지속적 경쟁우위를 달성하려는 노력으로 연결됨을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 소상공인과 정부 및 공공기관 사이에 이루어진 관계특유투자는 소상공인의 고객지향성과 마케팅 역량을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 의의는 기존의 B2B 또는 B2C상황에서 적용되었던 고객지향성의 개념을 공공기관과 창업자의 관계에 확대·적용한 측면에 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 공공기관은 서비스제공자로서의 역할을, 창업자는 공공서비스를 이용하는 잠재적 소비자로서의 역할을 효과적으로 수행하는 것이 중요하다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

Abstract

Although there are many stakeholders in small businesses, heretofore marketing scholars have investigated only the internal factors that matter to small businesses. This study examined: i) how perceived customer orientation toward government and public institutions could influence the marketing capabilities of small businesses, ii) where the relationship-specific investments built by small businesses and public institutions would moderate the relationship between customer orientation and small businesses’ marketing capabilities, and iii) how marketing capabilities of small businesses could affect the efforts for sustainable competitive advantages. The current sample comprised 409 respondents of small business owners. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that perceived customer orientation improved marketing capabilities that consist of planning and implementation capabilities. In addition, small businesses’ marketing capabilities were positively related to small business efforts for sustainable competitive advantages. Lastly, the relationship-specific investments made by small businesses and public institutions moderated the relationship between perceived customer orientation and marketing capabilities. While investigation into the topic of customer orientation by marketing researchers had been limited to B2B and B2C relationships, this study discussed the concept in the context of small businesses and public institutions. The results of analyses empirically supported that public institutions could act as service providers and small businesses were the potential clients of their services.

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