“被時代”의 패러독스 — 중국 “기술-환경 관리 권력”과 통치성의 문제를 중심으로

Abstract

This study analyzes China’s authoritarian regime and governance. First, through theoretical discussions on “power of technology-environmental management” and “environmental architecture,” we examine how China is transitioning to a management-type governance combined with technology under an authoritarian regime, that is, a controlled management society, and examine the meaning of “population” as a management target. We investigate and analyze the ideology of “maintaining stability” and the government-led social management system as reforms of the controlled society and social management system. We are promoting governance changes and institutionalization for maintaining stability, efficient social management, and strengthening the party’s leadership over grassroots society, and as a result, the dependence on the authorities has increased, and the authoritarianism of the state has gained legitimacy and justification. Maintaining stability can be said to be a kind of ideology and governance strategy that sutures social conflicts, fills the gap caused by the delay in political reforms such as democratization, and controls and normalizes the entire society. Secondly, as a planning of governance, we discussed “environmental architecture” and “being placed in management.” Through smart cities, we analyzed how the social management system and individuals are constantly and potentially connected, and examined how the Hukou system, called the integrated retirement system, mass-produces rational self-development and dependent citizens, and examined how discourse and public opinion manage the mind and consciousness through the media and the Internet. As a result, all of these constitute an “environmental architecture” that surrounds all areas of daily life, including the body and mind of an individual, and since the actions and consciousness of an individual are all converged into the area of ​​management and control, it can be said that management through “connection” in China strengthens rather than weakens authoritarianism. Lastly, the discussion proceeded to the discourse of identity formed as a result of the governance that constitutes the direction in which the “power of technology- environment management” internalizes the actions and thoughts of the “population.” Whether the people who have retreated from the management society to the position of the population can be recalled to their original meaning was examined, and various symptomatic phenomena occurring throughout Chinese society, such as the “JASIC incident,” “the phenomenon of public intellectuals and their downfall,” “the Blank Paper Revolution,” and “the New Citizens’ Movement,” were examined. Finally, we examine how the voices of ‘freedom’ and ‘democracy’ are uttered at the edge of this management society’s governance and how the process of losing the power of continuous composition is examined through various cultural phenomena. Regarding the Chinese authoritarian regime that simultaneously dominates the management society and the control society, there are various phenomena occurring on the cultural surface, such as “internal power” and “Tangpingism,” along with the sense of the times as the “passive era.” If we look behind this, we can see that it reflects the long-term ruling regime, the authoritarian system, and the helplessness of being blocked from even the minimum possibility of solidarity in the class struggle. We will have to pay attention to whether the current situation we are witnessing is indeed a step toward the new paradigm that China is talking about, or whether it is trapped in a state of contradiction and stagnation such as “internal power.” This is precisely the confusion that the sense of the times as the “passive era” has.