『장자』 내편과 외⋅잡편의 어휘 비교 — ‘化’ 字와 ‘變’ 字를 중심으로

Abstract

Zhuangzi is a compilation of writings by Zhuang Zhou and later scholars, organized into the Inner Chapters, and the Outer and Miscellaneous Chapters. Therefore, Zhuangzi’s Inner Chapters, Outer and Miscellaneous Chapters have different written times and different writers. Until now, research has often treated Zhuangzi as a unified whole, without distinguishing between the writings of Zhuang Zhou and those of later scholars. However, there is now a need to analyze them separately. In this study, I compare the use of the characters 化(Hua) and 變(Bian) in Zhuangzi. Overall, later scholars either inherited the meanings of 化(Hua) as used by Zhuang Zhou or introduced some new interpretations. Interestingly, Zhuang Zhou elaborated at length to explain the concept of 化(Hua), while later scholars expressed it more directly and concisely. However, the usage of 變(Bian) shows the opposite pattern. Zhuang Zhou used 變(Bian) only five times, whereas later scholars employed it in more varied ways. In addition, later scholars presented the order of 變(Bian) and 化(Hua), and used ‘BianHua(變化)’. Therefore, ‘BianHua(變化)’ should be translated differently depending on the context and sentence structure. Similarly, in the Zhuangzi, characters 化(Hua) and 變(Bian) should not be translated vaguely. If you want to not change your emotions or attitudes under any circumstances through the Zhuangzi, and if you want to reach changes in perceptions or thoughts, then understanding the meanings of 化(Hua) and 變(Bian) is essential and should not be oversimplified.