사회운동과 정당정치: 볼리비아 MAS 사례를 중심으로
Social Movements and Political Party: the Case of MAS(Movimiento al Socialismo) of Bolivia
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A newly emerging Bolivian political party MAS (Movimiento al Socialismo) has achieved great success in 2005 general election. The main purpose of this study is to elucidate factors of electoral success of MAS in recent Bolivian politics. The research questions of this research are: ‘What is the factors of MAS’s success?’ and ‘Under what conditions and with which strategies social movements could evolve to a successful political party?’. To answer these questions, the research adopts ‘Tool-kit approach’. The study shows historical formation process of MAS. Particularly, the study pays attention to the role of social movements in the evolution of MAS in 1990s and 2000s. According to the evidence provided, MAS has incorporated various social movements in its organization, such as indigenous organizations, displaced miners from COMIBOL, coca growers, and urban organizations in El Alto. Therefore, the study suggests, MAS has developed a Tool-kit which successfully deals with variety of political issues such as anti-coca eradication, indigenous rights, anti-privatization of water resource, land reform, and pro-privatization of natural gas industry. In conclusion, the study argues that MAS is not a mere indigenous party but an umbrella of various social movements, which is the core reason of electoral success of MAS in recent Bolivian politics.
Abstract
A newly emerging Bolivian political party MAS (Movimiento al Socialismo) has achieved great success in 2005 general election. The main purpose of this study is to elucidate factors of electoral success of MAS in recent Bolivian politics. The research questions of this research are: ‘What is the factors of MAS’s success?’ and ‘Under what conditions and with which strategies social movements could evolve to a successful political party?’. To answer these questions, the research adopts ‘Tool-kit approach’. The study shows historical formation process of MAS. Particularly, the study pays attention to the role of social movements in the evolution of MAS in 1990s and 2000s. According to the evidence provided, MAS has incorporated various social movements in its organization, such as indigenous organizations, displaced miners from COMIBOL, coca growers, and urban organizations in El Alto. Therefore, the study suggests, MAS has developed a Tool-kit which successfully deals with variety of political issues such as anti-coca eradication, indigenous rights, anti-privatization of water resource, land reform, and pro-privatization of natural gas industry. In conclusion, the study argues that MAS is not a mere indigenous party but an umbrella of various social movements, which is the core reason of electoral success of MAS in recent Bolivian politics.
참고문헌 (30)
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