브라질의 인구 고령화와 노동시장의 변화
Population Aging and Labor Market Changes in Brazil
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper analyzes Brazil’s demographic changes, low fertility and mortality rates, and identifies an increase in the elderly population over 60 years of age. It also presents an analysis of the kind of changes which have occurred in labor market. Demographic structures are changing from a pyramidal to a spindle type, as the population of the elderly rapidly increases due to the development of science and medical technology, while the birth rate is gradually lowered through changes in sociocultural awareness, higher education level and childbirth education. At present, population aging is affecting the levels of individual, family and society in Brazil. These demographic impacts also differ according to region, education level, income level, residence area and racial characteristics. The increase in the elderly population has required macroeconomic and social policy changes. Many experts and policy makers are concerned about the labor market shortage and the loss of economic growth power, and are encouraging women to enter the labor market as substitutes, but they still seem to have difficulty in overcoming on-the-job discrimination and wage inequality. Nevertheless, the participation of women in the labor force will increase, particularly in the sense that most of the care and longevity economies are female-friendly. Free care work is transformed into a paid care economy, and at the same time, longevity can be said to lend to the needs of the economy. It is here suggested that it will expand the advancement of women in the labor force, as well as the expansion of labor retention and labor market re-entry opportunities for older workers. The retirees are receiving basically in the form of a pension, even if the wage is low, they can accept the structure. So this has the risk of distorting the labor market for young people. However, it is positive in the sense that the participation of women and the elderly in the labor market can be directly affected by the economic effects at the stage where the pension recipients increase due to population aging.
Abstract
This paper analyzes Brazil’s demographic changes, low fertility and mortality rates, and identifies an increase in the elderly population over 60 years of age. It also presents an analysis of the kind of changes which have occurred in labor market. Demographic structures are changing from a pyramidal to a spindle type, as the population of the elderly rapidly increases due to the development of science and medical technology, while the birth rate is gradually lowered through changes in sociocultural awareness, higher education level and childbirth education. At present, population aging is affecting the levels of individual, family and society in Brazil. These demographic impacts also differ according to region, education level, income level, residence area and racial characteristics. The increase in the elderly population has required macroeconomic and social policy changes. Many experts and policy makers are concerned about the labor market shortage and the loss of economic growth power, and are encouraging women to enter the labor market as substitutes, but they still seem to have difficulty in overcoming on-the-job discrimination and wage inequality. Nevertheless, the participation of women in the labor force will increase, particularly in the sense that most of the care and longevity economies are female-friendly. Free care work is transformed into a paid care economy, and at the same time, longevity can be said to lend to the needs of the economy. It is here suggested that it will expand the advancement of women in the labor force, as well as the expansion of labor retention and labor market re-entry opportunities for older workers. The retirees are receiving basically in the form of a pension, even if the wage is low, they can accept the structure. So this has the risk of distorting the labor market for young people. However, it is positive in the sense that the participation of women and the elderly in the labor market can be directly affected by the economic effects at the stage where the pension recipients increase due to population aging.
참고문헌 (30)
- Baldoni, A.O.L, "O impacto do envelhecimento populacional brasileiro para o sistema de saúde sobre a óptica da farmacoepidemiologia: uma revisão narrativa", Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada, 32(3), pp.313~321 (2011)
- "A mulher no mercado de trabalho" (2018)[URL]
- Centro de Estudos e Debates Estratégicos, "Brasil 2050 : desafios de uma nação que envelhece" (2017), Edições Camara
- Labor Market and Employment Policy in Population Aging(I), "Chang, Ji Yeun", Korea Labor Institute, ~ (2003)
- Chang, Ji Yeun, "Labor Force and Employment Policies for Older People", Korean Journal of Social Issues, 7 (2004)
- "Mulher, mercado de trabalho e desigualdade" (2014)[URL]
- Closs, Vera Elizabeth, "A evolução do índice de envelhecimento no Brasil, nas suas regiões e unidades federativas no período de 1970 a 2010", Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 15(3) (2012)
- Ervatti, "Mudança Demográfica no Brasil no Início do Século XXI" (2015), IBGE
- Felix, Jorgemar Soares, "Economia da Longevidade: uma revisão da bibliografia brasileira sobre o envelhecimento populacional", Artigo apresentado no VIII Encontro da Associação Brasileira de Economia da Saúde (2007)
- Felix, Jorgemar Soares, "Economia do care’ e ‘economia da longevidade’: o envelhecimento populacional a partir de novos conceitos", Argumentum, 6(1), pp.44~63 (2014)
- Folbre, Nancy, "Measuring Care : Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy", Journal of Human Development, 7(2) (2006)
- "A evolução da mulher no mercado de trabalho" (2015)[URL]
- Gomes, Patricia Silva, "Envelhecimento populacional, mercado de trabalho e política pública de emprego no Brasil", Economia e Gestão, 15(41) (2015)
- "Mulheres brasileiras: relações de classe, de ‘raça’ e de gênero no mundo do trabalho" (2016)[URL]
- Kalache, Alexandre, "Envelhecimento populacional no Brasil : uma realidade nova, caderno de saúde pública", pp.217~220 (1987)
- Economic and Social Effects and Challenges in Population Aging, "KDI", KDI, ~ (2006)
- "O idoso no mercado de trabalho" (2018)[URL]
- Mendes, Juliana Lindonor Vieira, "O aumento da população idosa no Brasil e o envelhecimento nas últimas décadas: uma revisão da literatura", Revista Educação, Meio Ambiente, e Saúde, 8(1) (2018)
- Relação anual de informações sociais (RAIS) 2016: análise dos principais resultados, "Ministério do Trabalho", ~ (2017)
- Miranda, "Population Aging in Brazil: Current and Future Social Challenges and Consequences", Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 3(19), pp.507~519 (2016)
- Nasri, Fabio, "O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil", Einstein, 6(1), pp.54~56 (2008)
- Pereira, "A mulher no mercado de trabalho", Jornada Internacional de Políticas Públicas, UFMA (2005)
- PwC e a Fundação Getúlio Vargas, "Envelhecimento da força de trabalho no Brasil, São Paulo", ~ (2013)
- "A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho brasileiro" (2018)[URL]
- Secretaria de Direitos Humanos, "Mapa das políticas, programas e projetos do Governo Federal para a população idosa" (2015), Secretaria de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República
- "Surprising New Study: Brazil Now a Global Leader in Gender Equality in Science" (2017)[URL]
- Ugino, Camila Kimie, "The Brazilian Pension Reforms under the Neoliberal Pressure", Textos and Contextos, 11(1), pp.8~23 (2012)
- "Commentary on Brazil’s Domain Ranks in the 2015 Global AgeWatch Index" (2018)[URL]
- "Lei no 10.741, de 1º de outubro de 2003" (2018)[URL]
- "Help Age International" (2018)[URL]