Movilización Social, Cabildos Ciudadanos y el Proceso Constitucional en Chile
Social Mobilization, Citizen Councils and the Constitutional Process in Chile
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Chile’s social explosion on October 18, 2019 was the outcome of a longstanding process. Its roots are in the 1980s Constitution imposed by the military dictatorship and the economic, social and political model based on Milton Freedman’s ideas. The model, modified under democracy in its more extreme aspects and accompanied by aggressive policies to reduce poverty, brought about a process of economic development and reduction of poverty. However, from the beginning it showed its inner tendency to increase structural inequalities and it was applied in a context of a quasi-monopolistic economic structure where collusion practices easily take place. The people felt they were being repeatedly abused, which resulted in the social explosion. Hundreds of thousands of Chileans mobilized daily up until the appearance of Covid 19; they denounced the existing inequalities and abuses. In a parallel development, thousands of participants all along Chile spontaneously invited themselves to citizen’s meetings to discuss about the problems they and the country had, and they reached important conclusions. The objective of this paper is to report and analyze the dynamics of these conversations and meetings, and the conclusions reached, which will be an especially important input for the work of the Constitutional Convention where democratically elected Chilean men and women—with parity representation—will elaborate the New Constitution of the country.
Abstract
Chile’s social explosion on October 18, 2019 was the outcome of a longstanding process. Its roots are in the 1980s Constitution imposed by the military dictatorship and the economic, social and political model based on Milton Freedman’s ideas. The model, modified under democracy in its more extreme aspects and accompanied by aggressive policies to reduce poverty, brought about a process of economic development and reduction of poverty. However, from the beginning it showed its inner tendency to increase structural inequalities and it was applied in a context of a quasi-monopolistic economic structure where collusion practices easily take place. The people felt they were being repeatedly abused, which resulted in the social explosion. Hundreds of thousands of Chileans mobilized daily up until the appearance of Covid 19; they denounced the existing inequalities and abuses. In a parallel development, thousands of participants all along Chile spontaneously invited themselves to citizen’s meetings to discuss about the problems they and the country had, and they reached important conclusions. The objective of this paper is to report and analyze the dynamics of these conversations and meetings, and the conclusions reached, which will be an especially important input for the work of the Constitutional Convention where democratically elected Chilean men and women—with parity representation—will elaborate the New Constitution of the country.
참고문헌 (20)
- Amnistía Internacional Chile, "Ojos sobre Chile: Violencia policial y responsabilidad de mando durante el estallido social", ~ (2020)
- Atria, Fernando, "La Constitución Tramposa" (2013), LOM Ediciones
- "Acuerdo Por la Paz Social y la Nueva Constitución" (2019)[URL]
- "Las siete modernizaciones. Conformación de la ideolo gía neoliberal en Chile"[URL]
- Dides, C., "Primer Informe Salud Sexual y Salud Reproductiva y Derechos Humanos en Chile" (2017), Corporación Miles
- Dides, C., "Dinámicas políticas sobre Aborto en Brasil, Chile, México y Nicaragua" (2011), FLACSO-Chile
- Elgueta, G., "De la marcha y el salto. Chile Octubre 2019" (2020), Editoras Tiempo Robado
- "Más de 2 millones participaron en consulta ciudadana: mayoría se inclina por nueva Constitución y Convención Constitucional" (2019)[URL]
- Equifax & Universidad de San Sebastián, "XVIII Informe de Deuda Morosa Tercer Trimestre 2017" (2017), Universidad San Sebastian
- Ffrench-Davis, R., "Reformas, crecimiento y políticas sociales en Chile desde 1973" (2001), LOM
- Garretón, M. A., "Las percepciones de la desigualdad en Chile" (1998), DIAGNOS
- Huneeus, C., "La democracia semisoberana: Chile después de Pinochet" (2014), Taurus
- Huneeus, C., "Eduardo Frei Montalva: un gobierno reformista. A 50 años de la Revolución en Libertad" (2016), Editorial Universitaria
- Mayol, A., "El derrumbe del modelo. La crisis de la economía de mercado en el Chile contemporáneo" (2013), LOM
- Panez-Pinto, A., "Politización de la crisis hídrica en Chile: Análisis del conflicto por el agua en la provincia de Petorca", Agua y Territorio, 2017, pp.(10), 131~148
- Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, "Informe de Desarrollo Humano 1994: La modernización y sus descontentos", PNUD, ~ (1994)
- Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, "Desiguales. Orígenes, cambios y desafíos de la brecha social en Chile", PNUD, ~ (2017)
- Ruiz, C., "Los chilenos bajo el neoliberalismo. Clases y conflicto social" (2015), Nodo XXI & El Desconcierto
- "Demandas prioritarias y propuestas para un Chile diferentes" (2021)[URL]
- Zapata, F., "Alberto Mayol, El derrumbe del modelo. La crisis de la economía de mercado en el Chile contemporáneo", Foro Internacional, 55(3), pp.924~938 (2015)