로베르토 볼라뇨의 [먼 별 Estrella distante]에 나타난 칠레 파시즘의 기원에 대한 탐구
Tracing the Origins of Chilean Fascism in Roberto Bolaño’s Estrella distante
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Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño’s novel Estrella distante(1996) covers the period from the Allende government through the Pinochet dictatorship and into the early years of democratic transition. The story unfolds around the people Carlos Wieder, a Chilean Air Force officer and military secret agent, met when he infiltrated two poetry workshops at the University of Concepción under an assumed name. The narrative is structured around various symmetries and doubled/twin motifs, particularly juxtaposing European fascism of World War II with the violence of Chilean military regime. This suggests that the Southern Cone, untouched by the direct experience of World War II, was belatedly struck by a wave of violence and terror equivalent to that war. Although the novel focuses on the late 20th century beginning with Allende’s presidency, it also shows that the seeds of violence and terror had long existed in Chilean history: the wars and territorial disputes with the Mapuche, the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia, the presence of German settlers in the south, and the racism that exalts whiteness and European ancestry. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the novel’s implication that the roots of fascistic violence in modern Chilean history are connected to this legacy inherited from the past.
Abstract
Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño’s novel Estrella distante(1996) covers the period from the Allende government through the Pinochet dictatorship and into the early years of democratic transition. The story unfolds around the people Carlos Wieder, a Chilean Air Force officer and military secret agent, met when he infiltrated two poetry workshops at the University of Concepción under an assumed name. The narrative is structured around various symmetries and doubled/twin motifs, particularly juxtaposing European fascism of World War II with the violence of Chilean military regime. This suggests that the Southern Cone, untouched by the direct experience of World War II, was belatedly struck by a wave of violence and terror equivalent to that war. Although the novel focuses on the late 20th century beginning with Allende’s presidency, it also shows that the seeds of violence and terror had long existed in Chilean history: the wars and territorial disputes with the Mapuche, the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia, the presence of German settlers in the south, and the racism that exalts whiteness and European ancestry. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the novel’s implication that the roots of fascistic violence in modern Chilean history are connected to this legacy inherited from the past.