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미생물처리를 이용한 산업폐기물로부터 금속의 제거 및 회수

Removal and Recovery of Metals from Industrial Wastes through Biological Process

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류자원공학

초록

산업폐기물로부터 유가금속의 제거와 회수시 최근에는 생물학적 제련법이 널리 주목받고 있다. 중금속을 용해시키거나 독성을 감소시키는 미생물을 이용하여, 흡착, 복원, 전환 등의 방법으로 광산 폐기물의 유독성을 감소시킬 수 있다. 수은, 크롬, 비소, 세륨 그리고 텔륨과 같은 금속은 메탄산화 박테리아에 의하여 변환되거나 용이하게 휘발된다. 또한 미생물 침출법을 활용할 경우, 광산폐수, 폐기물 슬러지, 하천 침전물, 전자 스크랩 등으로부터 아연, 구리, 알루미늄, 납, 망간 그리고 철과 같은 금속성분을 회수할 수 있다. 본 해설에서는 산업폐기물을 처리하는데 적용할 수 있는 여러 가지 생물학적인 처리방법에 대하여 기술하였다.

Abstract

Biometallurgical processes have been employed globally in the removal and recovery of valuable metals from industrial wastes. The toxicity of the mine waste contaminants can be abated by biosorption, bioremediation and biotransformation. In these conventional processes microorganisms play a potential role to mobilize the heavy metals and thus help in reducing toxicity. Metals like Hg, Cr, As, Se and Te can be transformed or volatilized by methanogenic bacteria. Bioleaching also has an attractive alternative in recovering metals from different industrial wastes. In these processes, metals like Zn, Cu, Al, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe can be recovered from mine drainage, waste sludge, river sediments and electronic scrap. The present review describes different biological processes which are applied to treat industrial wastes.

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