금속환원균을 이용한 오염토양으로부터 비소의 미생물학적 용출
Bioleaching of As in Contaminated Soils Using Metal-Reducing Bacteria
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초록
금속환원균을 이용하여 구 제련소 부지의 오염 토양으로부터 비소를 용출하는 연구를 수행하였다. 혐기적 조건에서 28일에 걸쳐 두 종류 - 생물자극법(biostimulation) 및 생물주입법 (bioaugmentation) - 의 회분식 실험을 하였다. 생물자극 실험에서는 탄소원으로서 포도당 또는 유산염을 공급하여 토착 박테리아를 활성화하였으며, 생물주입 실험에서는 금속환원균인 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 및 shewanella algae BrY를 멸균된 오염 토양에 주입하였다. 토착 박테리아를 활성화한 경우, 포도당 20 mM을 공급하였을 때 4일 경과 후 최대 11.2 mg/L의 비소가 용출되었으며 토양으로부터의 비소제거 효율은 60~63%를 나타내었다. 생물주입 실험 결과, 최대 비소용출 농도는 2일 경과 후 24.4 mg/L에 이르렀으나 시간이 경과하며 용출된 비소가 토양 입자 표면에 재흡착되며 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 반응이 끝난 토양을 대상으로 한 연속추출 실험 결과, 두 방법 모두 토양 내 비소가 추출이 용이한 형태로 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 운전기간 및 탄소원 종류와 농도 등의 최적 운전 조건을 결정하면 이 새로운 미생물학적 용출법은 비소오염 토양의 복구에 실제적으로 적용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
A study on the bioleaching of As in the contaminated soil collected from an old smelting site in Korea was carried out using metal-reducing bacteria. Two types of batch-type experiments, biostimulation and bioaugmentation, were conducted for 28 days under anaerobic conditions. The biostimulation experiments were performed through activation of indigenous bacteria by supply with glucose or lactate as a carbon source. The contaminated, autoclaved soil was inoculated with metal-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and shewanella algae BrY, in the bioaugmentation experiments. The results indicated that the maximum concentration of the extracted As was 11.2 mg/L at 4 days from the onset of the experiment when 20 mM glucose supplied and As removal efficiency ranged 60~63% in the biostimulation experiments. In the case of bioaugmentation, the highest dissolved As concentration was 24.4 mg/L at 2 days, though it dramatically decreased over time through re-adsorption onto soil particles. After both treatments, mode of As occurrence in the soil appeared to be changed to readily extractable fractions. This novel technique of bioleaching may be practically applied to remediation of As-contaminated soil after determination of optimum operational conditions such as operation time and proper carbon source and its concentration.
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