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황동석내 Cu 생물학적 침출의 전기화학적 반응기구

Review on Electrochemical Mechanisms of Cu Bioleaching from Chalcopyrite

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한국자원공학회 (The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|2017.12|한국자원공학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|제54권 제6호|pp. 690-699

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참고문헌

키워드

Microorganism미생물Electrochemical구리황동석Chalcopyrite전기화학Bioleaching생물학적 침출Cu (Copper)
주제분류자원공학

초록

현재 전세계 매장된 구리(Cu)의 상당량이 저품위 황동석(CuFeS2) 형태로 매장되어 있다. 생물학적 침출은 이 같은 저품위 황화광 침출에 유리하여 장차 Cu 회수에 큰 잠재력을 지닌 기술이다. 문제는 황동석 생물학적 침출이 황동석의 높은 내화학성으로 인한 낮은 침출속도로 현재까지 상용화가 거의 없는 실정이다. 또한 황동석의 생물학적 침출에 관련된 반응기구가복잡하고 다양하여 이에 대한 철저한 검토가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 황동석 생물 학적 침출관련 최근 연구결과를 전기화학적 측면에서 논의하고자 한다. 황동석 생물학적 침출에 의한 Cu 침출은 대부 분 Fe3+의 환원과 Coupling을 이루고, 미생물은 환원된 Fe3+를 다시 산화시켜 침출을 지속시킨다. 또한 황동석이 저전 위에서 침출될 경우 Cu가 휘동석(Cu2S)으로 환원된 후 휘동석에서 Cu가 산화침출될 때의 반응을 미생물 대사반응과 함께 고려하여야 할 것이다.

Abstract

The Cu deposits in the world mostly exist as the formation of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) with low grades. Thus, bioleaching which is advantageous for metal recovery from low-grade sulfide ores may have a great potential for Cu recovery from chalcopyrite. Nevertheless, commercial application of bioleaching of chalcopyrite has been unsuccessful due to low leaching rates. The mechanisms and the reaction pathways are so complex and diverse that a careful review should be necessary. Therefore, this study would review the prevalent knowledge on chalcopyrite bioleaching, with respect to electrochemical principle aspects. The coupling reaction between Cu oxidation and Fe3+ reduction is the key mechanism, with microorganisms to regenerate Fe3+ through oxidation of Fe2+. A decision of the optimal potential value for Cu bioleaching in a low potential range should consider Cu reduction to chalcocite (Cu2S) and oxidation dissolution, together with microbial metabolism.

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