Review on Mechanical Recycling of End-of-Life Electrical and Electronic Equipments for Recovery of Metallic Components
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Waste electrical and electronics (WEEE) contain metals, glass, and plastics in association with several hazardous materials. WEEE processing usually involves dismantling the discarded equipments followed by sorting and segregation of different components such as glass, large plastics, metal composites and other special parts and reusable units. Segregated scraps are subjected to comminution for effective liberation of constituent metals from the associated nonmetallic materials. Physical beneficiation methods such as gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation are generally employed to separate light weight fractions, and ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Metallic concentrate can further be subjected to hydrometallurgical treatment for the extraction and recovery of metals. In this review, current status of treatment of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) and recycling technologies in practice are presented. The problems encountered in the existing recycling processes are particularly discussed. A processing approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly unit operations based on the physical beneficiation for complete recycling and resource utilization of all materials with high efficiency for waste PCBs is highlighted and discussed in brief.
Abstract
Waste electrical and electronics (WEEE) contain metals, glass, and plastics in association with several hazardous materials. WEEE processing usually involves dismantling the discarded equipments followed by sorting and segregation of different components such as glass, large plastics, metal composites and other special parts and reusable units. Segregated scraps are subjected to comminution for effective liberation of constituent metals from the associated nonmetallic materials. Physical beneficiation methods such as gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation are generally employed to separate light weight fractions, and ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Metallic concentrate can further be subjected to hydrometallurgical treatment for the extraction and recovery of metals. In this review, current status of treatment of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) and recycling technologies in practice are presented. The problems encountered in the existing recycling processes are particularly discussed. A processing approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly unit operations based on the physical beneficiation for complete recycling and resource utilization of all materials with high efficiency for waste PCBs is highlighted and discussed in brief.
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