세계 탄소중립 전략 및 기술 고찰
Review of Global Carbon Neutral Strategies and Technologies
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초록
기후변화 위기 및 지구온난화를 막기 위한 전 세계 정상들의 탄소중립 달성 선언이 이어지고 있다. 탄소중립을 위한 직접적인 규제책으로 직접적인 저탄소/탈탄소 규제책인 시장 메카니즘 조정법이있으나 한계가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 각국 정부는 약간의 시기 및 내용적인 차이는 있으나, 기존의 에너지 수요 중 전력수요가 차지하는 부분을 전기차 수요 등을 합쳐 대폭 상향하고, 그 전력수요의 대부분을 화석연료 발전 대신 재생에너지, 수소 및 원자력 발전으로 대체하며 비전기에너지 수요 부분을 수소로 대체하는 에너지전환을 추진 중이다. 본 연구에서는 에너지전환 시대에 따른 화석연료의 감소추세 전망과 이를 대체해 나갈 신재생에너지의 특성을 살펴보고 해외자원개발 산업의 탄소중립 시대에서의 역할과 탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS, Carbon capture and storage), 해외 청정수소 개발및 도입 등에 관한 기술 전망에 대하여 고찰해 보았다.
Abstract
Declarations of achieving carbon neutrality are made by world leaders to prevent the climate change crisis and global warming. While direct regulatory measures for reaching carbon neutrality, such as market-based mechanisms, do exist, there may be limits to their use. Governments are now advocating for energy transitions, which involves replacing most of their electricity demand with renewable energy, hydrogen and nuclear power generation instead of fossil fuel power generation, and replacing non-electric energy demand with hydrogen energy. In this paper, we review the projected decline of fossil fuels in the current energy transition period and the characteristics of new and renewable energy predicted to replace them. Further, we review the role of the overseas resource development industries in the era of carbon neutrality, including Carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the overseas development of clean hydrogen energy.
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