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이산화탄소 주입 시나리오에 따른 이산화탄소 지중저장의 트랩 메커니즘 분석

Analysis of Trapping Mechanisms of Carbon Dioxide Storage Based on Carbon Dioxide Injection Scenarios

장일식|임수경
한국자원공학회 (The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|2024.04|한국자원공학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|제61권 제2호|pp. 124-135|DOI 10.32390/ksmer.2024.61.2.124

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키워드

CCS이산화탄소 지중저장carbon capture and storage트랩 메커니즘WAG잔류트랩trapping mechanismresidual trapping
주제분류자원공학

초록

이 연구에서는 CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage)를 위해 대수층에 주입된 CO2가 안정적으로 저장될 수 있도록 주입 시나리오에 대한 트랩 메커니즘을 분석하였다. CO2 연속주입, cyclic CO2 주입, CO2와 물을 교대로 주입하는 WAG(Water-Alternating Gas) 주입법을 대상 시나리오로 선정하였다. 사이클 수는 2에서 20까지 변경하고, cyclic CO2 주입법의 휴식기간(shut-in period)과 WAG의물 주입기간을 1, 3, 6개월로 변경하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, CO2 주입 후와 180년 모니터링후의 잔류트랩, 용해트랩 및 구조트랩을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 수행결과, CO2 연속주입 대비cyclic CO2 주입법은 잔류트랩과 용해트랩을 개선하지 못해 CO2의 안정적 저장에 기여하지 못하였다. 반면, WAG는 CO2의 잔류트랩과 용해트랩을 크게 증가시키고 구조트랩을 작게하여 이산화탄소 지중저장의 안정성 확보에 기여하였다.

Abstract

This study analyzed trapping mechanisms for injection scenarios that can reliably store CO2 in aquifers for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The injection scenarios included continuous CO2 injection (CGI), cyclic CO2 injection, and water-alternating gas (WAG) injection, in which CO2 and water are injected alternately. The number of cycles varied from 2 to 20, with times of 1, 3, and 6 months for the shut-in period of cyclic injection and the water injection period of WAG. The residual, dissolved, and structure trapping were analyzed after CO2 injection and 180 years of monitoring. The simulation results showed that cyclic CO2 injection did not improve the residual and dissolved trapping compared to CGI and did not contribute to the stable storage of CO2. On the other hand, WAG significantly increased the residual and dissolved trapping of CO2 and decreased the structure trapping, contributing to CCS stability.

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