수포화도 전이구간이 존재하는 아사바스카 오일샌드 저류층에서의 SAGD 예열단계 최적화 연구
Optimization of the SAGD Preheating for the Athabasca Oil Sands Reservoir with a Water Transition Zone
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초록
전이구간이 존재하는 오일샌드 저류층에서는 전이구간에 의한 스팀의 열 효율 저하와 그에 따른SAGD(steam-assisted gravity drainage) 생산성 저하를 우려하여 전이구간에서 최소 5m 상부에 유정 쌍을 시추한다. 이로 인해 배제된 하부의 순 저류층 구간에 존재하는 상당한 양의 오일이 회수불가능하다. 하지만 수포화도가 높은 전이구간은 스팀 유동에 유리하므로 스팀 주입 시 저류층으로 더 많은 열전달이 가능하다. 이를 통해 SAGD의 비생산기간인 예열단계를 빠르게 완료하고 생산단계를 조기 수행하여 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 생산정 시추위치에 따라 다양한 예열방식과 예열 운영조건에 대한 민감도 분석을 통해 예열단계에서 민감하게 작용하는 운영조건을 파악함으로써, 저류층 하부에 전이구간이 존재하는 경우 전이구간의 유동특성을 활용한SAGD 예열단계 운영을 최적화하고 회수율을 증진하는 방안을 제시한다.
Abstract
In oil sands reservoirs with a water transition zone, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) well-pairs are drilled at least 5m above the water transition zone to avoid decreasing the thermal efficiency of the steam and the resulting reduction in SAGD productivity. This renders a significant amount of oil in the excluded lower net reservoir zone unrecoverable. However, a transition zone with high water saturation is favorable for steam flow, allowing more heat to be transferred to the reservoir during steam injection. This allows for the faster completion of the preheating stage, which is a non-productive period of SAGD, and the early start-up of production stage, which improves productivity. In this study, through a sensitivity analysis of various preheating methods and operating conditions according to the drilling elevation of the producer, we identify sensitive operating conditions in the preheating stage and propose an optimized operation of the SAGD preheating stage and recovery improvement by utilizing the flow characteristics of the transition zone, if it exists.
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