국내외 철강산업 전과정평가 표준 및 지침 비교 분석
Comparative Analysis of Global Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Standards and Guidelines in the Steel Industry
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초록
전과정평가(LCA)는 연구 목적에 따라 범위와 결과가 달라지며, 연구자마다 상이한 결론이 도출된다. 이로 인해 국제적으로도 공통 산정 기준의 필요성이 대두되고 있지만, 철강산업을 중심으로한 LCA 표준 및 지침의 종합적인 평가는 부족하다. 본 연구는 ILCD 핸드북, PAS 2050, ISO 20915, WSA, RS, GSCC, International EPD, 국내 EPD 등 8개의 표준과 지침을 비교 분석하였다. 기능 단위, 시스템 경계, 컷오프 기준, 할당 방법을 중점적으로 검토한 결과, 모든 표준에서 일관성이 부족했으며, 이는 LCA 결과에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인했다. 특히 시스템 경계와 할당 절차는 사업장의 특성을 반영해야 하며, 기준 설정에 대한 명확한 설명과 예시가 필요하다. 이를 통해 연구자들이 보다 일관되고 효율적인 LCA 분석을 수행할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies often yield varying environmental impact results owing to differences in research objectives, scope, and criteria. These inconsistencies have led to international concerns about assessment standards, highlighting the need for a unified framework. However, comprehensive analyses of LCA guidelines, particularly within the steel industry, are lacking. This study analyzed the standards and guidelines of the ILCD Handbook, PAS 2050, ISO 20915, WSA, RS, GSCC, International EPD, and Korean EPD. Key phrases such as functional units, system boundaries, and allocation methods were compared, revealing considerable inconsistencies, particularly in the system boundary definitions and allocation procedures. To improve the LCA analyses, clearer explanations of the criteria and site-specific considerations are essential. These improvements would enhance the methodological consistency and efficiency of LCA applications.
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