반미의 대상에 관한 관찰과 추론: 정책인가 체제인가
Observing and Inferring on the Targets of Anti-American Sentiment: Narrow Policy or Broader System?
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초록
이 글은 2000년대 초중반 세계적으로 분출된 반미 감정은 무엇을 대상으로 하는지 관찰하고 그 결과의 의미에 대해 추론한다. 여러 나라에서의 여론조사를 분석한 결과, 미국에 대한 각국의 반감은 부시 대통령이나 일방주의 대외정책과 같은 좁은 대상뿐 아니라 미국, 미국인, 미국체제 전체라는 총체적, 거시적, 추상적 대상까지 포괄하는 방향으로 변하는 추세를 보였다. 이러한 총체적 반미 감정의 고조가 의미하는 바는 무엇일지 이론적으로 추론해볼 때, 세계 각국과 미국 양측에서 공히 이념적 영향력이 커졌음을 의미할 것이라고 해석할 수 있다. 세계 각지에서 이념성향이 커지며 미국 전체가 반감의 대상이 될수록, 또한 미국사회에서 이념적 색채가 증가하며 반미 측에 대한 총체적 반감이 커질수록, 상호 반감은 서로를 강화시키는 악순환을 낳을 수 있다.
Abstract
This article observes what the global anti-American sentiment in the early-to-mid 2000’s targeted, and infers on its implications. Analysis of poll data shows that global antipathy to the U.S. has shifted from a narrow focus on concrete subjects such as President Bush or U.S. unilateral foreign policy toward a broader, all-encompassing target of such general, abstract subjects as America, Americans, or the U.S. system itself. This rise of totalizing anti-American sentiment targeting the whole America, it is posited, may signify an increase of ideological influences in both the world and the U.S. As intensifying ideological factors in various parts of the world fuel a totalizing anti-Americanism in the psyche of the global public, and as nationalistic ideology brews in the minds of Americans a strong feeling of collective disdain to non-American (needless to say about anti-American) voices, these mutual totalizing antipathies in both sides tend to further reinforce each other in a vicious cyclic pattern.
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