Stress Corrosion Cracking of Heat Exchanger Tubes in District Heating System
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The purpose of this paper is to present failure analysis, of the heat exchanger tube in a district heatingsystem. SS304 stainless steel is used, as material for the heat exchanger tube. The heat exchanger operatesin a soft water environment containing a small amount of chloride ions, and regularly repeats operationand standstill period. This causes concentration of chloride ions on the outer surface of the tube, as wellas repeat of thermal expansion, and shrinkage of the tube. As a result of microscopic examination, cracksshowed transgranular as well as branched propagation, and many pits were present, at the initiation pointof each crack. Energy disperstive spectroscopy analysis showed Fe and O peak, as well as Cl peak, meaningthat cracks were affected by Cl ion. Failure of the tube was caused by chloride-induced stress corrosioncracking by thermal stress, high temperature, and localized enrichment of chloride ions.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present failure analysis, of the heat exchanger tube in a district heatingsystem. SS304 stainless steel is used, as material for the heat exchanger tube. The heat exchanger operatesin a soft water environment containing a small amount of chloride ions, and regularly repeats operationand standstill period. This causes concentration of chloride ions on the outer surface of the tube, as wellas repeat of thermal expansion, and shrinkage of the tube. As a result of microscopic examination, cracksshowed transgranular as well as branched propagation, and many pits were present, at the initiation pointof each crack. Energy disperstive spectroscopy analysis showed Fe and O peak, as well as Cl peak, meaningthat cracks were affected by Cl ion. Failure of the tube was caused by chloride-induced stress corrosioncracking by thermal stress, high temperature, and localized enrichment of chloride ions.
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