17세기 중후반 운혜파의 조상 활동: 운혜와 경림

Abstract

A monk sculptor Unhye, the master sculptor of the Unhye School, played an active part in the area of Jeolla province in the mid-late 17th century. He was a worthy successor of the Suyeon School which was founded in the early 17th century. All of the Buddhist sculptures created by the Unhye School were made of woods. They had voluminous faces and bodies. The folds of the draperies were natural, rhythmic, and three-dimensional. Especially there was a unique expression of the drapery such as a leaf of lotus flower on the left knee. These stylistic features were expressed in all Buddhist sculptures which made by Unhye School for forty years, however they were not in sculptures made by the other Schools. I divided the sculptures made by Unhye School off four stages of period by style. The 1st stage of the Unhye style was the early 1650s. The sculptures made in this period were directly influenced by the statue of Kṣitigarbha, created by monk sculptor Yeongcheol in 1649, enshrined in Hwagye-sa temple of Seoul now. The statues look like young monk and they had most rhythmic and three-dimensional draperies in this period. The 2nd stage of the Unhye style was from late 1650s to late 1660s. The sculptures of this period had a strong, stable physique but their folds of draperies became insufficient sense of volume. The 3rd stage was from late 1660s to 1670s. Gyeongrim, a most brilliant disciple of the Unhye School, started to create his artworks as a master sculptor in this period. The faces of the statues were longer and thinner than those of the 2nd stage, so they were similar to the faces of the statues of the 1st stage. The folds of the draperies beame much simpler and flatter. The 4th stage of the Unhye style was from 1680s to the latest 17th century. The statues of this period were influenced by Gyeongrim's style basically, and the faces were longer and thinner than those of the former stage. The folds became much simpler so that the expression of the drapery such as a leaf of lotus flower on the left knee was disappeared.