해남 서동사 목조삼세불좌상 연구

Abstract

Statues of the Buddha in the 17th century, 1st period of late Joseon dynasty are important in having rich literature records with large quantities. Even we can consider the 17th century is that to be the most important time for buddhist sculptors' study in establishing a school of monk sculptors' pedigree and figuring relatively out the characteristics of a representative form for this clearly. Hainam Seodongsa wooden seated three Buddha images is Treasure No. 1715, which is placed in Hainam Seodongsa's main hall. Regarding Statues of the Buddha, the Buddha is around, there are Bhaisajyaguru(healing) Buddha on the left and Amitabha Buddha on the right. It's found these three Buddha images were made by monk sculptor Unhye in 1650 since composition votive documents and Gaegeum(painting with gold) Jungsumun were found from their dress. There are few things that I found out through investigating the historical significance of Buddhist sculpture in Hainan Seodongsasang. First of all, Ungeosa recorded in composition votive documents is formerly Hainam Seongdongsa. Second, three Buddha images in Joseon dynasty are combined with temporal world ideas and spatial world ideas and expressed integrated Joseon Buddhism. it's three Buddha images combined with temporal world ideas and spatial world ideas and shows integrated buddhism in Joseon dynasty of the age. Those are combined with temporal and spatial ideas attracted more popularity since Bhaisajyaguru(healing) Buddha's relief faith and Amitabha Buddha's passing away peacefully of temporal relief faith in Joseon dynasty are expressed. Third, characteristics of Unhye's sculpture in 1650 are the weightiness and neat, long and soft features such as slender faces, protruding noses, protruding jaws, have natural depth and etc. The shoulders are wide and thick, their lines are slowly down so give a natural feeling. The expression of the dress's crease is three dimensional, and Daeui's edge lotus expression is Unhye's characteristics and we can see them in the future. Fourth, the lineage of Unhye leads to Sooyeon-Youngcheol-Unhye-Gyeongrim, from Sooyeong to Youngcheol are ardently attached, for about 40 years from Unhye to Gyeongrim, these features are shown constantly in sculptors' works in Unhye line. Finally, Hainam Seodongsa wooden seated three Buddha images are a representative excellent works in the midium·late of the 17th century that 1650 can be seen to be its composition year, and they can be found to be important Buddha images of Buddhist sculpture idea.