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중국의 ‘권위주의 탄력성’ 요인변화 분석 : 제도적 탄력성에서 제도화된 전제정치로

An Analysis on Changing China’s ‘Authoritarian Resilience’: From Institutional Resilience to Institutionalized Autocracy

이지용
신아시아연구소 (New Asia Research Institute)|2022.12|신아세아 (NEW ASIA)|제29권 제4호|pp. 5-40|DOI 10.22869/nari.2022.29.4.001

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시진핑Institutionalization제도화중국공산당Xi Jinpingthe Chinese Communist Party중국정치권위주의 탄력성Politics of ChinaAuthoritarian Resilience
주제분류정치외교학

초록

2021년 중국공산당은 창당 100주년을 맞이했다. 또한 중국공산당은 1949년 중화인민공화국을 건립해 70여년을 이어오고 있다. 개혁개방 이후 현재에 이르기까지 정치·경제적 굴곡과 사회적 다변화/복잡화 과정을 거치면서도 중국공산당은 조건변화에 탄력적으로 적응해 왔다. 중국공산당이 집정을 유지할 수 있는 요인을 설명하는 주요 개념 중 하나가 ‘권위주의 탄력성’이다. 본고는 ‘권위주의 탄력성’ 개념을 시진핑 집권기에 나타난 변화에 적용해 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법으로는 시진핑 집권기 제도적 변화를 추적하면서 기존에 검토된 권위주의 탄력성 요인과 비교하는 비교분석방법을 택한다. 이를 통해 시진핑 집권기 중국공산당 권위주의 탄력성을 평가함으로써 현재 중국 권위주의 정치체제의 내구성을 분석하고, 생존능력과 취약성을 동시에 식별한다.

Abstract

The Chinese Communist Party(CCP) has celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding. Also, it has been more than seventy years since the CCP established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Currently, Xi jinping, the CCP leader, proposes to make the ‘Chinese Dream’ by 2035. The CCP has not only achieved remarkable economic successes but also proved its ability to rule complicated and fast changing Chinese society since 1980s with its Opening and Reform policy. During that time, the CCP has developed its adaptability to socio-economic changes. The CCP’s ability and adaptability is theorized as an ‘Authoritarian Resilience.’ The paper examines the ‘Authoritarian Resilience’ in Xi jinping epoch, focusing on major institutional changes since Xi held powers. With the examinations, it reveals that first, Xi has been building an institutionalized autocracy, and then provides its implications both for Chinese domestic politics and China’s foreign policy.

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