중소기업의 지리적 근접성 및 심리적거리, 지식네트워크화가 기술개발성과에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Geographical Proximity, Psychological Distance, and Knowledge Networking on Technology Development Performance
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최근 IT사업이 발달하면서 중소기업 간 지리적 근접성은 소프트웨어적 지식 네크워크에 의해 그 중요성이 떨어지고 있다. 본 연구는 클러스터 및 네트워크 이론을 바탕으로 지리적 근접성과 심리적거리를 동일선상에 놓고 공동연계활동과 지식네트워크화에 미치는 영향과 후속하여 이들이 관계학습을 통해 실질적인 중소기업의 기술개발을 위한 지식습득 및 기술개발성과에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 지역 내 산업단지에 위치한 중소기업 155개 업체를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지리적 근접성은 공동연계활동 및 지식네트워크화에는 유의한 영향을 미처 중소기업체 간의 지리적 위치가 가까울수록 공동연계활동 및 지식 네트워크화가 적극적으로 이루어지고 있음을 나타냈다. 힌편 심리적거리는 공동연계활동에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 관련 기관과의 지식네트워크화는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 실질적인 공동기술개발은 심리적으로 가까운 기업과의 공동활동은 증대되지만 다각적인 측면에서의 지식 네트워크화는 이루어지지 않고 있어 중소기업의 네트워크가 제한적으로 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 공동연계활동은 관계학습을 증대시킬 뿐만 아니라 지식습득 및 기술개발성과까지도 이끌고 있음을 나타냈다. 반면에 지식네트워크화는 관계학습을 증대시키지는 않지만 지식습득에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관계학습은 지식습득에 유의적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 기술개발 성과에는 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 중소기업 간의 관계를 통해 창출되어지는 정보 및 지식들의 활용이 실질적인 성과를 이끌고 있음을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 지식습득은 기술개발성과를 증대시키고 있는 것으로 나타나 중소기업의 성과를 증대시키기 위해서는 중소기업의 실정을 반영한 기업 간 공동연계활동을 적극적으로 추진할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램의 도입과 관련 기업 및 유관기관과의 지식 네트워크화가 활발하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 지원이 뒷받침되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
Recent developments in the IT industry has weaken the importance of geographical proximity between small and medium-sized firms with knowledge network software available. Based on theories of clusters and network, the present study attempted to investigate the effects of geographical proximity and psychological distance on co-linked activities and knowledge networking and to examine the subsequent effects of the co-linked activities and knowledge networking on knowledge acquisition and actual technology development performance by small and medium-sized firms through relationship learning. To this end, a survey was conducted with 155 small and medium-sized firms that were located in regional industrial complexes. The findings of the study are as follows. First, geographical proximity significantly affected co-linked activities and knowledge networking, indicating active knowledge networking occurs with close proximity between small and medium-sized firms. On the other hand, closer psychological distance was found to lead to more active co-linked activities, but not to knowledge networking with related organizations, which implies that actual joint technology development is made through co-linked activities, but knowledge networking, e.g., industry-academia activities, support from government or local authorities, etc., is not. Second, co-linked activities not only increased relationship learning but also lead to technology development performance by mediating knowledge acquisition. On the other hand, knowledge networking did not increase relationship learning but significantly affected knowledge acquisition. Third, relationship learning had a significant effect on technology development performance while not on knowledge acquisition, showing that information and knowledge obtained through relationships between small and medium-sized firms lead to actual performance. Fourth, knowledge acquisition enhanced technology development performance, which suggests that in order to improve performance by small and medium-sized firms a variety of practical programs be introduced which can activate co-linked activities between small and medium-sized firms, along with strategies for boosting knowledge networking with related firms and organizations.
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