애완견 매개활동이 노인의 자기존중감, 우울 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Pet Dog-Assisted Activities on Self-Esteem, Depression and Cognitive Function among Elderly People
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초록
본 연구는 애완견매개활동이 양로원 노인들의자기존중감, 우울 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과를조사하기 위하여 대구광역시 소재의 1개 양로원의 90여명의 노인들 중 65세 이상의 노인들 22명을 선정하여 실험군으로 하고 대구광역시 소재의또 다른 곳에 위치하고 있는 1개 양로원의 90여명의 노인 중 65세 이상의 노인들 22명의 노인들을 선정하여 대조군으로 하였다. 일반적 특성과건강상태 및 행위에 관한 특성, 자기존중감, 우울및 인지기능에 관한 특성이 동일한 자들로 실험군과 대조군을 선정하여 실험군에게는 주 1회 3실험군간 12회기의 애완견매개활동에 참여하게한 후 실험 전과 실험 후의 자기존중감, 우울 및인지기능, 우울 및애완견매개활동을 하지 않고정기적인 방문만을 한 대조군과 비교하여 분석하였다. 실험군 중 애완견매개활동 12회 중 10회이상 참여한 19명과 대조군 중 실험 종료 1주 후그리고 실험 종료 4주 후의 척도검사에 모두 응답한 20명을 최종분석 대상자로 하여 자기존중감, 우울 및 인지기능의 변화를 비교하였더니 실험군에서 자기존중감, 우울 및 인지기능의 점수가 긍정적으로 변화하였으며 이들의 변화는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 애완견매개활동은 노인층인구의 증가, 이혼율의 증가, 출생율의 저하, 핵가족화, 개인화 및 디지털 문화의 확산 등으로인해 소외감과 외로움을 느끼는 사람들이 늘고있는 이러한 사회적 여건 속에서 애완견매개활동은 이들에게 정신적, 사회적으로 유용한 치료 및긍정적 향상으로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이라사료된다. 특히 신체적·정신적·사회적 능력의 퇴보로 심리·정서적인 문제들을 가지고 있는 노인들에게는 매우 효과적인 중재방안이 될 수 있으며여러 종류의 의료 시설, Care시설 및 교화목적을위한 시설 등에도 활발하게 적용 가능한 방안으로서의 관련프로그램 개발도 이루어져야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pet dog-assisted activities on self-esteem, depression and cognitive function of elderly people Method: The experimental group(pet dog-assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with a home for the aged and the control group(non-pet dog assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with another home for the aged in Daegu. Both groups had similar general characteristics, state of health, conduct on health and self-esteem, depression and cognitive abilities. Nineteen people who participated in the program at least 10 times out of 12, were chosen for the final analysis from the experimental group. For the control group, 20 people who responded to all three tests, which had been conducted before, 1 week after, and four week after the experiment, were analyzed. Result: Mean(±SD) differences between before and 1 week after the experiment for self-esteem, depression,and cognitive function were 5.84(±3.06), -3.26(±1.76), 1.47(±1.26), respectively. Those between before the experiment and 4 weeks after the experiment was 5.68(±3.64), -3.94(±2.32), 1.63(±0.96), respectively. Those for control group between before and after the experiment were -0.40(±1.27), 0.00(±0.92), 0.15(±0.93),respectively. Those for control group between before and 4 weeks after the experiment were -0.45(±2.24),0.25(±1.68), 0.15(±0.93), respectively. All the differences between experiment and control group in mean differences between before and 1 week after experiment, between before and 4 weeks after experiment were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the pet-assisted activities can be useful solution for elderly people who have psychological and emotional problems caused by retrogression of physical, mental and social ability.
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