한국 다랑어연승어업에 있어서 상어류의 부수어획
Bycatch of sharks in Korean tuna longline fishery
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초록
한국 다랑어연승어업에서의 상어 부수어획 실태를 조사하기 위하여 2004-2006년 사이에 국립수산과학원에서 교육받은 옵서버의 승선조사 및 시험조사 시 수집한 자료를 분석하였다. 태평양, 인도양 및 대서양에서 총 10회 승선조사 결과, 한국 다랑어연승어업에서 부수어획되는 상어류는 태평양 14종, 인도양 13종, 대서양(지중해) 1종이었으며, 어획량은 총어획량의 약 29-31%를 차지하였다. 부수어획된 상어는 선상에서 3가지 방식으로 처리되었으며 조사한 상어 1,127미 가운데 51.0%인 575미가 지느러미 채취 후 남은 몸통은 폐기되었고, 26.5%인 299미가 지느러미 채취 후 냉동보관 되었으며 22.4%인 253미는 어획즉시 바다로 방류되었다. 최근 국제적으로 이슈가 되고 있는 상어체중대비 지느러미 무게비율은 약 4.7%로 국제수산기구에서 정한 5%와 유사하였다. 선박에서 보고한 상어부수어획량과 선박에 승선하여 직접 조사한 어획량 사이에는 현저한 차이가 있었으며, 이것은 선박에서는 어창에 보관한 어획물만 어획량으로 보고하고 바다로 폐기된 상어는 어획량에 포함시키지 않았기 때문으로 추정된다.
Abstract
Data collected by on-board observers and from experimental surveys during 2004-2006 were analyzed to figure out the status of shark bycatch in Korean tuna longline fishery. Results obtained from 10 surveys indicated that 14, 13 and 1 species of shark were incidentally caught in Korean tuna longline fishery operated in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic (Mediterranean) Ocean, respectively, and that shark bycatch accounted for about 29-31% of the total catch. Sharks brought on-board were processed in 3 ways; out of 1,127 sharks observed, 575 sharks (51.0%) were discarded after finning, 299 sharks (26.5%) were stored frozen after finning for future use and 253 sharks (22.4%) were released into the sea immediately after caught. The fin to body weight ratio of sharks was estimated to be about 4.7% which is similar to the guideline of 5% established by the international fisheries organizations. The underestimate of shark bycatch in Korean tuna longline fishery was significant because it was general practice that fishermen on-board did not count the discarded shark as a catch.
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