주관적 환경인식에 대한 도시건강 연구와 질적연구‧조사방법의 다중적용 - 건조환경과 신체활동 -
Application of Qualitative Multi - Methods for Urban Health Research on Perceived Environments - Built Environment and Physical Activity
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이 연구에서는 신체활동과 관련된 도시건조환경에 대한 국내외 질적연구들의 방법적 특성과 주관적 환경인식의 속성들을 고찰하였다. 국제적으로는 개인면접과 포커스그룹을 비롯하여, 이동, 관찰, 지도 만들기, 포토보이스 등 환경의 공간성을 반영할 수 있는 공간적 질적연구방법들이 하나의 연구 안에서 보완적, 상승효과적으로 조합되는 다중방법의 적용이 두드러진다. 국내에서도 포토보이스를 위시하여 다중 질적방법을 적용한 신체활동 관련 도시건조환경에 대한 주관적 인식연구들이 소수나마 등장하고 있다. 이들 연구에 따르면 도시에서의 신체활동에 영향을 미치는 건조환경의 속성은 시민들이 그 환경에 대해 느끼고 경험하는 편의성, 다양성, 안전, 환경의 관리와 유지, 이용질서, 매력이었다. 이러한 속성과 맥락의 이해를 통해 건강지향적인 도시건조환경의 조성 뿐 아니라 활용과 평가를 위해서 질적연구‧조사방법의 다중적용의 역할이 기대된다. 이를 위해 다학제적, 융합학문적 접근과 혼합방법 연구의 시도가 요구된다.
Abstract
This article discusses the characteristics of qualitative methods and the attributes of urban environment in current studies, both domestic and international, focusing on the promotion of physical activity. In addition to widely applied individual interviews and focus groups, spatial approaches such as photovoice, mapping, walk-along, and observation have been utilized in the international research of urban built environment and physical activity. Furthermore, these methods are applied in combination in a study in complementary and synergistic manners. A limited number of domestic studies also have attempted applying photovoice and other spatial and/or multiple qualitative methods. Research so far has described convenience, diversity, safety, maintenance and upkeep, order and civil manners, and appeal as the attributes of perceived built environment that are associated with physical activity of urban residents. With its capability of enhancing contextual, in-depth understanding in research, qualitative multi-methods are anticipated to contribute to the efforts for building, utilizing, and evaluating urban built environment for health promotion. Interdisciplinary approaches and mixed-methods research are called for to this end.
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