고접촉 서비스 종업원이 경험하는 감정노동의 선행요인과 결과요인에 관한 연구 : 골프보조원을 중심으로
A Study on the Antecedent and Consequent Variables of Emotional Labor Experienced By High-Touching Service Employee : Golf Assistants
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참고문헌
키워드
초록
지금까지 감정노동에 대한 연구는 대부분 고객과 서비스 제공자간의 상호작용 수준이 저접촉 서비스의 형태를 띠고 있는 호텔이나 레스토랑, 백화점, 콜센터에 종사하는 종업원을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 반면에 고접촉 서비스의 특성을 지니고 있는 서비스유형과 이러한 서비스 종업원에 대한 관심은 상대적으로 부족하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고객과 종업원간의 상호작용 접촉시간이 상대적으로 길고, 고객에게 보다 맞춤화된 서비스를 제공하며, 다른 서비스와 차별화되는 특성을 지닌 고접촉 서비스유형에 해당되는 골프서비스 산업의 골프보조원을 대상으로 감정노동의 선행요인과 결과요인들간의 관계를 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구의 구체적인 목적은 첫째, 골프보조원의 감정노동에 영향을 미치는 선행요인을 개인특성(긍정적 정서성, 자기효능감)과 직무특성(직무자율성, 직무과부하)차원으로 각각 구분하여 감정노동과 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이때 감정노동은 내면행위와 표면행위로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 둘째, 골프보조원의 감정노동과 함께 결과요인인 감정소진 및 직무만족과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 개인특성 요인인 골프보조원의 긍정적 정서성은 골프보조원의 내면행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 자기효능감은 골프보조원의 내면행위에 긍정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무특성 요인인 직무자율성은 골프보조원의 내면행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 직무과부하는 골프보조원의 표면행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 골프보조원의 내면행위와 감정소진과의 관계를 규명한 결과, 내면행위는 감정소진에 유의하게 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타난 반면, 감정노동 중 표면행위는 골프보조원의 감정소진을 더욱 높이는 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 골프보조원이 지각하는 감정노동과 직무만족과의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 내면행위와 표면행위는 모두 직무만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 골프보조원의 감정소진은 직무만족에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Abstract
Until now studies on emotional labor have been researched for employees in hotels, restaurants, department stores and call centers that most of interaction between customers and service providers showed the form of low-touching service. On the other hand, interests in the service which has characteristics of high-touching service and the employees were relatively insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship with antecedent and consequence which influence an effect on the emotional labor for golf assistants who have characteristics of high-touching service, that touching time of interaction between customer and employee is relatively long, more customized service is provided to customer and differentiation from other service is provided. The specific research purpose is as follows. The first, we examine the relationship with emotional labor by dividing effects on golf assistant's emotional labor into individual characteristics (positive emotion, self-efficacy) and job characteristics (job autonomy, job overload). The Second, we investigate the relationship between golf assistant's emotional labor and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction which are consequences. As the result, The first, golf assistant's positive emotion which is the factor of individual characteristics influenced a positive effect on golf assistant's deep activity and self-efficacy didn't influence a significant effect on golf assistant's deep activity positively. The Second, job autonomy which is a factor of job characteristics influenced a positive effect on golf assistant's deep activity and job overload influenced a positive effect on golf assistant's surface activity. The third, the relationship between golf assistant' deep activity and emotional exhaustion, deep activity didn't influence a negative effect on emotion exhaustion significantly. On the other hand, surface activity of emotional labor was an factor which increases golf assistant's emotion exhaustion. The forth, the relationship between emotional labor cognized by golf assistant and job satisfaction, both of deep activity and surface activity influenced a positive effect on job satisfaction. Finally, golf assistant's emotion exhaustion influenced a negative effect on job satisfaction.
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