본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

도덕적 허가 효과: 자원봉사와 사치제품 구매 정당화

Moral-Licensing Effect : Moral Behavior and Justification of Consumption

0

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

본 연구는 도덕적 허가 개념을 기반으로 과거 도덕적 선행이 사치제품 구매의도에 영향을 주는지를 연구하였다. 기존 연구에 따르면 선행은 자기 탐닉 행동에 대한 정당화 단서로 작용하여 사치제품 구매를 가능하게 한다. 즉, 과거 선행이나 편견 없는 행동, 목표 달성을 위한 상당한 노력 등을 하였을 때 혹은 가까운 미래에 이러한 행동을 할 의도를 가질 경우 사치제품 구매 같은 자기 탐닉 행동이나 비도덕적인 행동을 할 개연성이 높다. 이를 자기 허가(self-licensing)라고 하며, 이전 행동이 도덕적 선행일 경우 도덕적 허가(moral- licensing)라고 한다. 하지만 자기 허가는 강제성을 띤 외적 귀인에 따른 행동일 경우 사치제품 구매와 같은 자기 탐닉 행동으로 이어지지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 도덕적 허가를 자원봉사 메시지 측면성과 자기통제력의 조절 변수를 도입하여 기존연구를 심화시켰다. 연구 1에서는 자원봉사 여부에 따라 자기평가, 가치제품 및 사치제품 구매의도가 어떻게 차이가 나는지를 검증함과 동시에 자기통제력 수준에 따른 도덕적 허가효과의 강도에 차이가 나타나는지를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 자원봉사를 한 경우, 자기통제력이 높은 집단은 낮은 집단에 비해 사치제품 구매의도가 높게 나타났으나, 가치제품 구매의도에서는 자기통제력 수준에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 과거 선행은 사치제품 구입 시, 소비에 대한 정당화를 부여함으로써 구매를 합리화한다는 점과 자기통제력의 조절효과를 보여준 기존연구와 일치한다. 연구 2에서는 자원봉사 메시지 측면성(유 vs. 무 vs. 자원봉사+긍정적 측면 vs. 자원봉사+부정적 측면)에 따른 가치제품 및 사치제품 구매의도 차이와 자기통제력의 조절효과를 동시에 검증하였다. 특히, 자원봉사를 한 경우 자원봉사의 긍정적 또는 부정적 메시지가 추가로 주어졌을 때 도덕적 허가 효과에 대한 강도 및 소멸 여부를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 자원봉사를 하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 자원봉사를 한 집단의 경우 사치제품 구매의도가 높게 나타났으나 가치제품 구매의도에서는 차이가 없었다. 하지만 자원봉사의 긍정 혹은 부정적 측면을 제시한 경우도 위에서 나타난 결과는 변화하지 않았다. 끝으로 연구의 한계점 및 시사점을 설명하였다.

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate whether a prior moral behavior has an effect on a subsequent self-indulgent behavior in a sequential choice context. Moral deeds are used as a justification which permit the individual to engage in self indulgent behaviors, which deviates one’s own long term goal and entails guilt. Previous studies show that committing certain behaviors such as engaging in moral behaviors, past effort, revealing un-prejudiced attitudes etc. or omission such as restraining from impulsive shopping can liberate people from the current goal and lead them to indulge. This mechanism is called self-licensing. When the prior behavior is related to moral actions, it is called moral licensing. The present study extends previous studies by investigating two important moderator variables in two experiments. Study 1 tests whether volunteering acts increase individual’s moral self concept, intentions to purchase luxury and value brands, and whether self-control moderates in this relationship. The results show that while people who performed a volunteering activity rated much higher in terms of moral self evaluation and intention to purchase luxury shoe brand than people who did not perform the activity. However, there was no difference in intention to purchase value shoe brand between these two groups. Study 2 manipulates volunteering activity at three different levels(control vs. volunteering vs. volunteering with positive aspects of volunteering emphasized vs. volunteering with negative aspects of volunteering emphasized). People who engaged in volunteering activity rated higher in terms of intention to purchase frivolous, luxury shoe brand than people who did not, but not different in terms of intention to buy value shoe brand. There were no differences between volunteering group and group engaged in volunteering with emphasis of positive aspects of volunteering and between volunteering group and group engaged in volunteering with emphasis of negative aspects of volunteering.

참고문헌 (51)

  1. 박지혜, "대리허용효과: 기업의 대리 선행을 통한 감성적 제품 선택의 정당화", 마케팅연구, 28(1), pp.93~114 (2013), 한국마케팅학회
  2. 양윤, "충동구매 경향성과 예기된 죄책감에 따른 쾌락재와 실용재의 선택", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 15(1), pp.41~56 (2014), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
  3. 이성록, "자원봉사행동에 대한 다차원적 동인의 영향력", 사회복지실천, 1, pp.215~274 (2001)
  4. 조휘일, "대학지역사회봉사를 위한 봉사학습(SERVICE-LEARNING)의 개념 고찰", 사회복지실천, 1, pp.1~21 (2002)
  5. Ackerman, J. M., "You Wear Me Out The Vicarious Depletion of Self-Control", Psychological Science, 20(3), pp.326~332 (2009)
  6. Baumeister, R. F., "The Strength Model of Self-Control", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), pp.351~355 (2007)
  7. Chiu, C. M., "Understanding Customers' Repeat Purchase Intentions in B2C E-Commerce: The Roles of Utilitarian Value, Hedonic Value and Perceived Risk", Information Systems Journal, 24(1), pp.85~114 (2014)
  8. Clee, M. A., "Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance", Journal of Consumer Research, 6(4), pp.389~405 (1980)
  9. Clot, S., "Self-Licensing and Financial Rewards: Is Morality for Sale?", Economics Bulletin, 33(3), pp.2298~2306 (2013)
  10. "Moral Self-Licensing and Social Dilemmas: An Experimental Analysis From a taking Game in Madagascar" (2014)[URL]
  11. Cooper, J., "Cognitive Dissonance: 50 Years of a Classic Theory" (2007), Sage
  12. Dunning, D., "Self-Image Motives and Consumer Behavior: How Sacrosanct Self-Beliefs Sway Preferences in the Marketplace", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(4), pp.237~249 (2007)
  13. Eisenberg, N., "Prosocial Moral Judgment and Behavior in Children: The Mediating Role of Cost", Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 12(4), pp.426~433 (1986)
  14. Fishbach, A., "Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Perceived Goal Progress on Choice", Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), pp.370~377 (2005)
  15. Fishbach, A., "Leading Us Not Unto Temptation: Momentary Allurements Elicit Overriding Goal Activation", Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84(2), pp.296~309 (2003)
  16. Fishbach, A., "The Substitutability of External Control and Self-Control", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41(3), pp.256~270 (2005)
  17. Fitzsimons, G. J., "License to Sin: The Liberating Role of Reporting Expectations", The Journal of Consumer Research, 34(1), pp.22~31 (2007)
  18. Greene, M., "Public Integrity, Private Hypocrisy and the Moral Licensing Effect", Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 42(3), pp.391~400 (2014)
  19. Gunther, A. C., "Mapping Boundaries of the Hostile Media Effect", Journal of Communication, 54(1), pp.55~70 (2004)
  20. Hastak, M, "Mediators of Message Sidedness Effects on Cognitive Structure for Involved and Uninvolved Audiences", Advances in Consumer Research, 17, pp.329~336 (1990)
  21. Jones, E. E., "From Acts to Dispositions the Attribution Process in Person Perception", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, pp.219~266 (1965)
  22. Khan, U., "Licensing Effect in Consumer Choice", Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), pp.259~266 (2006)
  23. Khan, U., "Where There Is a Way, is There a Will? The Effect of Future Choices on Self-Control", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(2), pp.277~288 (2007)
  24. Kivetz, R., "Earning the Right to Indulge: Effort as a Determinant of Customer Preferences toward Frequency Program Rewards", Journal of Marketing Research, 39(2), pp.155~170 (2002)
  25. Kivetz, R., "Determinants of Justification and Self-Control", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 135(4), pp.572~587 (2006)
  26. Krishna, A., "Can Supporting a Cause Decrease Donations and Happiness? The Cause Marketing Paradox", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(3), pp.338~345 (2011)
  27. Kogut, T., "The “Identified Victim” Effect: An Identified Group, or Just a Single Individual?", Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), pp.157~167 (2005)
  28. Kouchaki, M., "Vicarious Moral Licensing: The Influence of Others' Past Moral Actions on Moral Behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), pp.702~715 (2011)
  29. Laran, J., "Behavioral Consistency and Inconsistency in the Resolution of Goal Conflict", Journal of Consumer Research, 35(6), pp.967~984 (2009)
  30. Lisjak, M., "The Bright Side of Impulse: Depletion Heightens Self-Protective Behavior in the Face of Danger", Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), pp.55~70 (2014)
  31. Mazar, N., "Do Green Products Make Us Better People?", Psychological Science, 21(4), pp.494~498 (2010)
  32. McGuire, William J., "The Effectiveness of Supportive and Refutational Defenses in Immunizing and Restoring Beliefs Against Persuasion", Sociometry, 24, pp.184~197 (1961)
  33. Merritt, A. C., "Moral Self-Licensing: When Being Good Frees Us to Be Bad", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(5), pp.344~357 (2010)
  34. Monin, B., "The Dynamic Moral Self: A Social Psychological Perspective", Personality, Identity, and Character: Explorations in Moral Psychology, pp.341~354 (2009)
  35. Monin, B., "Moral Credentials and the Expression of Prejudice", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), pp.33~43 (2001)
  36. Mukhopadhyay, A., "Indulgence as Self-Reward for Prior Shopping Restraint: A Justification-Based Mechanism", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(3), pp.334~345 (2009)
  37. Okada, E. M., "Justification Effects on Consumer Choice of Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods", Journal of Marketing Research, 42(1), pp.43~53 (2005)
  38. Pomerantz, E. M., "Attitude Strength and Resistance Processes", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), pp.408~419 (1995)
  39. Ramanathan, S., "Immediate and Delayed Emotional Consequences of Indulgence: The Moderating Influence of Personality Type on Mixed Emotions", Journal of Consumer Research, 34(2), pp.212~223 (2007)
  40. Sachdeva, S., "Sinning Saints and Saintly Sinners the Paradox of Moral Self-Regulation", Psychological Science, 20(4), pp.523~528 (2009)
  41. Small, D. A., "The Face of Need: Facial Emotion Expression on Charity Advertisements", Journal of Marketing Research, 46(6), pp.777~787 (2009)
  42. Strahilevitz, M., "Donations to Charity as Purchase Incentives: How Well They Work May Depend on What You Are Trying to Sell", Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), pp.434~446 (1998)
  43. Sundeen, R. A., "Differences in Personal Goals and Attitudes Among Volunteers", Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 21(3), pp.271~291 (1992)
  44. Tangney, J. P., "High Self-Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success", Journal of Personality, 72(2), pp.271~324 (2004)
  45. Thaler, R., "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(1), pp.39~60 (1980)
  46. Tversky, A., "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice", Science, 211(4481), pp.453~458 (1981)
  47. Weibel, C., "Completed Egoism and Intended Altruism Boost Healthy Food Choices", Appetite, 77(1), pp.38~45 (2014)
  48. Wheeler, S. C., "Understanding the Role of the Self in Prime-to-Behavior Effects: The Active-Self Account", Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(3), pp.234~261 (2007)
  49. Wilcox, K., "Vicarious Goal Fulfillment: When the Mere Presence of a Healthy Option Leads to an Ironically Indulgent Decision", Journal of Consumer Research, 36(3), pp.380~393 (2009)
  50. Wilson, J., "Volunteering", Annual Review of Sociology, 26, pp.215~240 (2000)
  51. Witt Huberts, J. C., "License to Sin: Self-Licensing as a Mechanism Underlying Hedonic Consumption", European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), pp.490~496 (2012)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)