생태계 차원에서의 수산자원관리 방안 연구
A study on the ecosystem-based management system for fisheries resources in Korea
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해양생태계기반 수산자원관리 시스템의 조기 구축으로 우리나라는 선진국 수준의 자원 및 환경 관리분야에서 선진국 대열에 진입하는 해양수산강국이 될 것이며, 동북아 국가내의 학문적 선도권을 선점하고 어업협상 시 모든 영역에서 비교우위를 유지하여 동북아 해양질서를 선도할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한, 풍부한 수산자원의 확보로 어업생산성이 증대되므로 어업의 국제경쟁력이 높아져서 WTO나 FTA에 대한 우려보다는 오히려 어업인의 소득 증대와 더불어 국가의 동물성 단백질 식량자원 공급을 원활하게 해 줄 것이다. 이 시스템으로 부가적으로 얻게 되는 쾌적한 해양환경은 안락한 바다휴식처를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 우리나라의 수산은 지금 엄청나게 중요한 기로에 처해 있다. 금세기 초에는 기필코 수산선진국으로 진입할 수 있도록 우리 모두가 지혜와 힘을 모을 때이다. 생태계 기반 자원관리는 현재 수준에서는 현행 자원관리를 보완하는 수단으로 이해해야 할 필요가 있다. 어류와 어업에 존재하는 복잡한 생태학적 환경에서 어업이 생태계에 미치는 영향과 생태계 변화가 어업에 다시 미치게 될 영향을 조금씩 이해해 나가면 점차 생태계 개념을 어업자원관리에 적용해 나갈 수 있다. 그러나 생태계에 기초한 어업관리 방법이 현행 어업관리의 문제들을 모두 해결할 수는 없다. 불법/과도어획의 불식이나 서식처 보호, 생태계 연구와 모니터링 프로그램의 지원 등에 정부의 의지가 결핍되어 있다면 아무리 훌륭한 생태계 기반 관리방법을 사용하더라도 큰 효과를 기대할 수 없을 것이다.
Abstract
The potential of ecosystem-based fisheries management is recently recognized to be very important to improve the sustainability of fisheries resources. Under the depressed condition of many fisheries resources, this recognition has been expanded and more effort has been taken to improve this approach. Taking ecosystem concept includes the use of other tools of management in addition to fisheries regulation, such as stock and productivity enhancement, provision of physical structure, or marine protected areas. In the ecosystem-based fisheries management approach, it would require to holistically consider ecological interactions of target species with predators, competitors, and prey species, the effects of climate on fisheries ecology, the complex interactions between fishes and their habitat, and the effects of fishing on fish stocks and their ecosystem. Fisheries management based upon the understanding of these factors can prevent significant and potentially irreversible changes in marine ecosystems caused by fishing. A useful approach for analyzing tropho-dynamic interactions and mass-balance in marine ecosystems is introduced to demonstrate the complexity and usefulness of the ecosystem approach, which was applied to a small ecosystem in Korea. Korea should seriously consider to take the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management, since most major fish stocks are currently depleted due to many reasons such as overfishing, land reclamation and coastal pollution.
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