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온라인 학습 환경에서 중간시험이 학습잡념과 노트필기 및 학습 성취에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Interpolated Testing on Mind Wandering, Note-Taking and Academic Achievement in an Online Environment

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초록

이 연구는 분절 당 7-8분 정도의 온라인 학습콘텐츠 4개를 학습하는 동안 학습 과정 중 학습내용과 관련된 시험치기 학습활동이 학습 과정(학습잡념, 노트필기)과 학습 성취(즉시시험, 지연시험)에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 114명(실험 1: 45명, 실험 2: 69명)을 대상으로 무선할당 사후검사 통제집단 설계를 통해 두 실험을 진행하였으며, 실험 과정에 충실히 참여한 109명(실험 1: 42명, 실험 2: 67명)의 데이터를 활용하여 분석하였다. 실험 1에서 중간 활동의 조건에 따라 분절 1-3 동안 강의 콘텐츠를 학습 후 중간시험을 치는 실험집단(n = 21)과 4번째 분절의 즉시시험만 치는 통제집단(n = 21)으로 나누어 진행했다. 실험 2에서는 분절 1-3 동안 재학습을 하는 실험집단 2(n = 23)를 추가하여, 연산 문제를 푸는 통제집단(n = 22)과 중간시험을 치는 실험집단 1(n = 22)과 같이 세 집단으로 실험을 진행했다. 피험자들은 중간 활동 조건에 따라 학습을 진행하면서 학습 단계가 끝날 때 마다 학습잡념이 발생했는지에 대해 응답했고, 학습 종료 후 제공한 학습자료에 핵심내용을 작성하였는지 확인하였다. 학습 성취는 분절 1-3까지 학습을 하는 동안 집단 간 상이한 중간 학습활동이 분절 4의 시험에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 분절 4의 즉시시험과 2주 후 지연시험을 비교하였다. 그 결과 실험 1에서는 중간시험을 치는 실험집단이 연산 문제를 푸는 통제집단보다 낮은 학습잡념과 우수한 즉시시험, 지연시험 결과를 얻었다. 실험 2에서는 연산 문제를 푸는 통제집단의 학습잡념이 가장 높았고, 즉시시험에서는 재학습을 하는 실험집단 2와 중간시험을 치는 실험집단 1이 높았고, 2주 후 지연시험에서는 중간시험을 치는 실험집단 1이 우수한 결과를 얻었다. 이상의 결과는 온라인 학습 콘텐츠 내 중간시험 삽입이 학습잡념을 낮추고 학업 성취를 높여주는 중요한 요인임을 보여준다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interpolated testing on the learning process(mind wandering, note-taking) and academic achievement(immediate test, delayed test) while taking a video-recorded lecture that was divided into four segments(7-8 min each). A total number of 114(exp. 1 = 45, exp. 2 = 69) undergraduate students were recruited for this study, and the data of 109(exp. 1 = 42, exp. 2 = 67) students who fully participated were used for analysis. In experiment 1, half of the students were tested after each lecture segment(experiment group = 21), and the other half were tested after the fourth lecture segment(control group = 21). The experiment 2 was conducted in three groups, as experiment group 2(n = 23) which re-studied during segments 1-3 was added to the control group (n = 22) that solves the arithmetic problems, and the experiment group 1(n = 22) that took the intermediate test. While learning according to the intermediate activity conditions, subjects responded to whether mind wandering occurred at each end of the learning phase and checked whether they wrote notes on the learning materials provided after the learning was completed. Learning achievement was compared with the immediate test of segment 4 and the delayed test after 2 weeks in order to determine the effect of different intermediate learning activities on the test of segment 4 when learning up to segments 1-3. As a result, in experiment 1, the experimental group(tested) obtained lower mind wandering and higher immediate test and delayed test results than the control group(non-tested). In experiment 2, the mind wandering of the control group(non-tested) was the highest, and in the immediate test, the experimental group 2(restudy) and the experimental group 1(tested) were higher. In the delayed test after 2 weeks, experimental group 1(tested) obtained excellent results. These two experiments demonstrate that the simple act of interpolating online lectures with memory tests can help students sustain attention to lecture content in a manner that discourages task-irrelevant mind wandering, and improves learning results.

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