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중학교 정보 교과서 프로그래밍 과제가 제공하는 학생의 학습기회 탐색

Exploring Student Learning Opportunities with Programming Tasks in Middle School Computer Science Textbooks

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참고문헌

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주제분류교육학

초록

이 연구에서는 2015년 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 정보 교과서 프로그래밍 과제가 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고(Computational Thinking) 능력 개발을 위해 어떠한 학습기회를 제공하는지 조사하였다. 정보 교과서를 수집하여 교과서에서 제시하는 프로그래밍 과제를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 프로그래밍 과제에서 학생들이 상황 파악, 정보 수집, 구조화, 구체화로 진행되는 모든 과정을 경험하도록 유도하기보다는 제시된 상황을 프로그래밍 언어로 나타내는 절차적인 부분만이 강조되며, 실생활을 표방하지만, Computational Thinking 능력 개발을 돕는 유의미한 상황으로는 보기 어려웠다. 둘째, 다른 교과와의 융합이라는 이름으로 제공되는 과제들은 다른 교과의 소재만을 제시하는 것에 그치고 그 교과 지식을 활용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 정보 교과서가 제공하는 학습기회는 학생이 프로그래밍 언어를 기능적으로 숙달하며, 조직화나 실제적인 문제해결 상황이 아닌 무의미한 실생활상황 등에 한정되는 것으로 나타났다. 중학교 정보 교과서의 프로그래밍 과제를 통해서 학생들이 Computational Thinking 능력을 기르도록 지원하지는 못하는 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate opportunity-to-learn of programming tasks in computer science textbooks in the middle-school level. We collected 5 computer science textbooks and analyzed programming tasks. The findings from the data analysis suggest as follows: a) the programming tasks seem to strongly emphasize procedural execution in which students are encouraged to manipulate a programming language, and so-called ‘real-life’ situations are neither authentic nor meaningless, which do not help students develop computational thinking skills; and b) although the textbooks explicitly label STEAM, which means integration of different subjects, the programming tasks do not suffice for the label. In conclusion, opportunities-to-learn with which the programming tasks provide students are limited in experiencing meaningless or inauthentic situations and executing programming in a procedural way, leading to uncooperative support for development of students’ computational thinking.

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