카를리즘 출현에 관한 연구: 왕당파들을 중심으로

Abstract

Carlism can be considered one of the most interesting political phenomenon in contemporary Spain. It is also known as one of the oldest ideologies in Spain. With more than 180 years of life, it appeared in history as a movement of peasants and small landlords with the support of the lower clergy, who fought for the defense of communal and charter rights under the flag of Carlos María Isidro, who was considered the successor of his brother Fernando VII. Despite its marginality, it still survives in our days and its long life shows that it has been consequent with its origins. Our work aims to find the origins of said movement in the period of crisis of the Old Regime, which removes the temptation of considering carlism as just a simple dynastic crisis. However, due to the multiple interests and aspirations that it came to agglutinate, due to the diverse social groups which it represented and due to its multifaceted nature, carlism is defined as a political phenomenon of great complexity. After the Throne and Altar of the royalist proclamations, thousands of hopes were projected, allowing the movilization of crowds and starting civil wars. This study allows us to observe that carlism was born as an offer from the Old Regime to modern society, as an extension against the liberal project of its elimination, as a rejection to a standardized constitutionalism, with a challenge difficult to fit among the precapitalist groups.