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사회복지조직의 혁신 촉진제로서 최고관리자의 리더십: 변혁적ㆍ거래적 리더십을 중심으로

The Leadership of Top-leaders as a Catalyst of Innovation: Focusing on Nonprofit Community Centers in South Korea

최상미
서울연구원 (The Seoul Institute)|2012.09|서울도시연구 (Seoul Studies)|제13권 제3호|pp. 115-132|DOI 10.23129/seouls.13.3.201209.115

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변혁적 리더십거래적 리더십Innovation혁신성과조직혁신Transformational leadershipInnovation outcomeTransactional leadership비영리조직 관리Nonprofit organization management
주제분류국제/지역개발

초록

급변하는 환경 하에서 비영리조직의 하나인 사회복지조직에서도 조직혁신은 경쟁력 향상과 성공을 위한 필수적 운영철학이자 전략으로 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 대표적 사회복지조직 유형인 종합사회복지관을 대상으로 조직혁신을 촉진하는 요인으로 최고관리자의 리더십을 제안하고 이를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 혁신은 체계론적 접근법에 근거함과 동시에 포괄적으로 접근하여 과정혁신, 산물혁신으로 개념화하여 측정하였다. 또한, 다양한 리더십 유형 중 변혁적 리더십 특성에 초점을 두어 사회복지조직의 최고관리자가 창의적, 분권적, 역량강화적, 변화지향적 특성을 가진 변혁적 리더십 성향을 많이 가질수록 조직이 혁신활동을 많이 수행하며 보다 높은 혁신성과를 가진다고 가정하고 변혁적 리더십과 대응되는 리더십 형태인 거래적 리더십이 혁신에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 분석하였다. 그 결과 최고관리자의 변혁적 리더십 중 동기부여가 혁신 및 혁신성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정도로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 거래적 리더십의 경우 예외상황에 대한 적극적 개입 차원이 혁신성과에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 조직혁신 활동과 성과 향상을 위해서는 최고관리자가 변혁적 리더십, 그 중에서도 동기부여적 리더십 특성을 갖출 필요성과 혁신활동의 성공적 수행을 위해서는 예외상황, 실패상황 발생 시 적극적으로 개입하는 리더의 역할이 필요함을 제안하고 있다. 또한, 혁신수행빈도가 혁신성과에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 개별 혁신활동의 성공여부와 관계없이 꾸준히 혁신을 시도할 필요성이 있음을 제안한다.

Abstract

Given today’s ambiguous and fast-changing environment, innovation is essential for the survival of any organization. Nonprofit organizations as well as for-profit organizations have started to consider innovation as a management strategy to create and sustain competitive advantage. This study proposes the leadership of top-leaders as a factor to influence on innovation and innovation outcome, and explores the relationships among them. Transformational leadership with creative, decentralized, empowering and change-driven traits is hypothesized to facilitate innovation, and eventually contribute to successful innovation. This is analyzed comparatively with the influence of transactional leadership on innovation. Innovation is conceptualized as the frequency of innovations, and composed of innovation process and innovation output from a comprehensive and systematic perspective. Innovation outcome means the degree of innovation success. The findings based on nonprofit community centers in South Korea support the positive influence of inspirational motivation out of transformational leadership on both innovation and innovation outcome. Management by exception out of transactional leadership appears to positively influence only on innovation outcome. Innovation appears to have a positive impact on innovation outcome, indicating that the more organizations implement innovation activities, the higher the innovation outcome is. Findings propose it is important for top-leaders to have transactional as well as transformational leadership, specifically motivational leadership and management by exception leadership in order to facilitate innovations, and improve innovation outcome in nonprofit human service organizations.

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