IUU어업을 고려한 생태계기반 자원평가
A revised ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment incorporating IUU fishing
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초록
IUU어업이 어업자원과 어업관리에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 고려하여 Zhang et al. (2011)의 생태계 기반 어업 평가(EBFA) 위험도를 추정하는 방법을 수정하여 불법, 비보고, 비규제 어업(IUU fishing)의 세 가지 요소를 벌점(penalty)로 포함시켰다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 어업에 적합한 IUU어업 지표를 개발하고 이를 생태계기반 자원평가에 적용하는 방법을 소개하였다. 불법어업의 지표는 무면허나 무허가 어업으로 설정하였고, 비보고어업의 지표는 조업활동을 보고하지 않는 것으로 설정하였다. 비규제어업의 지표는 불법 어구를 사용하는 어업, 불법 어획, 금지된 어업 구역 또는 제한된 해여에서의 어업 활동으로 설정하였다. IUU어업은 대상종의 자원량에 큰 영향을 미치므로 본 연구에서도 IUU 어업의 영향을 종 단위 위험도(Species Risk Index, SRI)에 포함시켜 자원량의 비율에 따라 가중치를 부여하였다. IUU어업의 영향을 고려한 수정된 생태계 기반 어업 평가 방법을 한국 남해 주요 어업에 적용하였다. TAC 제도 확장을 통해 비보고어업을 줄이고 통계 수집의 정확성을 높이는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위해 우리나라 원양 어선 전 선박에 도입되고 있는 전자 어획 보고 시스템을 연안 및 근해 어업에도 도입해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Considering the negative impact of IUU fishing on fishery resources and fishery management, a revised approach for estimating risks of the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) of Zhang et al. (2011) was developed that incorporates three components of the IUU (illegal, unreported and unregulated) fishing as penalties. In this study, we introduced ways to develop indicators of IUU fishing suitable for the Korean fishery and apply them to ecosystem-based resource assessment. The indicator for the illegal fishing component was set as the fishing without licenses or permits, and that for the unreported fishing component was set as unreported fishing activities. Indicators for the unregulated fishing component were set as fishing operated by illegal fishing gear, illegal fish capture, fishing operations in prohibited fishing area, and fishing with restrict permits. IUU fishing significantly impacts the stock of target species. Therefore, in this study, the influence of IUU fishing is included in the Species Risk Index (SRI) at the species level, and weights are assigned based on the ratio of the stock, as ․ . The revised ecosystem-based fisheries assessment method, which considers the impact of IUU fishing, was applied to major fisheries on the south coast of Korea. It is necessary to reduce the non-reporting rate through the expansion of the TAC system and improve the accuracy of statistical compilation. To this end, the electronic fishing reporting system, which is being implemented on all vessels in Korean distant water fishing vessels, should be introduced to the coastal and offshore fisheries as well.
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