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중서부태평양해역 다랑어어업의 생태계기반 어업 위험도 평가

Evaluation of Korean distant water tuna fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment

임정현|이미경|이성일|권유정
한국수산해양기술학회 (The Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|2020.11|수산해양기술연구 (Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|제56권 제4호|pp. 299-315|DOI 10.3796/KSFOT.2020.56.4.299

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참고문헌

키워드

Tuna fisheryWCPFCTuna longline다랑어 선망어업중서부태평양수산위원회다랑어 어업생태계기반 어업 위험도 평가다랑어 연승어업Ecosystem-based fishery risk assessmentTuna purse seine
주제분류수산학

초록

본 연구에서는 어업에 영향을 받는 대상종의 자원상태, 대상생태계내 서식종의 상태, 서식처의 상태 및 사회경제적 효과까지 포함된 통합 생태계기반 자원평가 모델에 다랑어어업을 적용하였다. 이를 통해 어획이나 노력 제한과 같은 기존의 전통적인 관리방안에서 탈피하여 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 관리방안을 제시할 수 있는 기초연구로 사용하고자 한다. 평가 결과 선망어업은 눈다랑어와 황다랑어의 소형어 어획비율이 높아 지속가능성 목표에서 높은 위험도를 나타냈다. 또한 선망어업의 특성상 FAD 조업으로 인한 혼획률, 폐기률 및 어업폐기물이 TRP보다 높아 생물다양성 및 서식처의 질에 대한 위험도도 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 다만, 가다랑어의 어획량이 높아 사회경제적 편익에서는 매우 양호하게 평가되었다. 연승어업은 혼획률이 높아 생물다양성의 위험도가 다소 높게 평가되었으나, 지속가능성 및 서식처의 질에서는 매우 양호한 상태를 나타냈다. 그러나 눈다랑어 및 황다랑어의 어획, 노력량 제한, 조업비용 상승 등으로 사회경제적 편익의 위험도는 매우 높게 평가 되었다. 두 어업에 대한 대상생태계의 위험도는 다소 양호한 상태로 평가 되었으나, 선망어업의 FAD조업에 대한 생태계 차원에서의 전반적인 관리가 필요할 것을 보인다.

Abstract

Tuna fisheries were applied to an integrated ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment method using indexes of target species status, inhabited species in a target ecosystem, habitat quality and socio-economic benefit of affected fisheries. This study suggested more effective and efficient management measures to break away from traditional management methods, such as limitation of catch and fishing effort. The results presented that the objective risk index (ORIS) on sustainability of bigeye and yellowfin tunas by purse seine fishery was estimated high due to the high catch ratio of small fishes. The ORIs of biodiversity (ORIB) and habitat quality (ORIH) of purse seine fishery were also estimated at a high level from using fish-aggregating devices (FAD). However, due to skipjack tuna’s high catches, the ORI of socio-economic benefit (ORIE) was estimated at a very low level. Due to the high bycatch rate, ORIB was high, and ORIS and ORIH were evaluated at a low level in longline fishery. Due to strengthern of fishing restrictions and increase of fishing costs, the ORIE was assessed to be very high. The ecosystem risk index (ERI) for two tuna fisheries was assessed low, but the overall FAD management by purse seine fishery is necessary at the ecosystem level.

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