Nutritional efficiency of feed restricted F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of lactation
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of quantitative feed restriction on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, efficiency and feeding behavior, and productive performance in F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of their lactation. Methods: Sixty F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with 111.5±11.75 days of lactation and an initial body weight (BW) of 499±30 kg (mean±standard error of the mean) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with the following diet levels of feed restriction: 3.39%, 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25%, and 2.00% of BW, with 12 replications for each level. The experiment lasted for 63 days, of which each period lasted 21 days with the first 16 days for diet adaptation followed by 5 days for collection of data and samples. Results: For each 1% of BW diet restriction, there was a decrease in dry matter intake of 5.26 kg/d (p<0.01). There was no difference in daily milk production (p = 0.09) under the restriction levels of 3.39% to 2.0% of BW. When corrected for 3.5% fat, milk production declined (p = 0.05) 3.46 kg/d for each percentage unit of feed restriction. Conclusion: Restricting the feed supply for F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in the middle third of their lactation period altered nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior but did not affect milk production or feed efficiency. However, considering the observed BW loss and decrease in milk production corrected for 3.5% fat, restriction of no less than 2.5% BW is recommended.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of quantitative feed restriction on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, efficiency and feeding behavior, and productive performance in F1 Holstein/Zebu cows during the middle third of their lactation. Methods: Sixty F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with 111.5±11.75 days of lactation and an initial body weight (BW) of 499±30 kg (mean±standard error of the mean) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with the following diet levels of feed restriction: 3.39%, 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25%, and 2.00% of BW, with 12 replications for each level. The experiment lasted for 63 days, of which each period lasted 21 days with the first 16 days for diet adaptation followed by 5 days for collection of data and samples. Results: For each 1% of BW diet restriction, there was a decrease in dry matter intake of 5.26 kg/d (p<0.01). There was no difference in daily milk production (p = 0.09) under the restriction levels of 3.39% to 2.0% of BW. When corrected for 3.5% fat, milk production declined (p = 0.05) 3.46 kg/d for each percentage unit of feed restriction. Conclusion: Restricting the feed supply for F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in the middle third of their lactation period altered nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior but did not affect milk production or feed efficiency. However, considering the observed BW loss and decrease in milk production corrected for 3.5% fat, restriction of no less than 2.5% BW is recommended.
참고문헌 (30)
- Canaza-Cayo AW, "Genetic trend estimates for milk yield production and fertility traits of the Girolando cattle in Brazil", Livest Sci, 190, pp.113~122 (2016)[DOI]
- Santos SA, "Voluntary intake and milk production in F1 Holstein×zebu cows in confinement", Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, pp.1303~1310 (2012)[DOI]
- Oliveira AS, "Meta-analysis of feeding trials to estimate energy requirements of dairy cows under tropical condition", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 210, pp.94~103 (2015)[DOI]
- Keogh K, "Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent Re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of bovine skeletal muscle", PLoS One, 11, pp.e0149373~ (2016)[DOI]
- Schütz KE, "Behavioral and physiological effects of a short-term feed restriction in lactating dairy cattle with different body condition scores at calving", J Dairy Sci, 96, pp.4465~4476 (2013)[DOI]
- Gabbi AM, "Milk traits of lactating cows submitted to feed restriction", Trop Anim Health Prod, 48, pp.37~43 (2016)[DOI]
- Zanela MB, "Unstable nonacid milk and milk composition of Jersey cows on feed restriction", Braz Agric Res, 41, pp.835~840 (2006)[DOI]
- Barbosa RS, "Electrophoretic characterization of proteins and milk stability of cows submitted to feeding restriction", Braz Agric Res, 47, pp.621~628 (2012)[DOI]
- Van Straten M, "Events of elevated somatic cell counts in high-producing dairy cows are associated with daily body weight loss in early lactation", J Dairy Sci, 92, pp.4386~4394 (2009)[DOI]
- Latimer GW, "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International" (2012), AOAC International
- Mertens DR, "Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beaker or crucibles : collaborative study", J AOAC Int, 85, pp.1217~1240 (2002)
- Licitra G, "Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 57, pp.347~358 (1996)[DOI]
- Detmann E, "Methods for food analysis" (2012), Suprema
- Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, "Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle" (2001), National Academy Press
- Oliveira AS, "Microbial protein production, purine derivatives and urea excretion estimate in lactating dairy cows fed isoprotein diets with different non protein nitrogen compounds levels", Rev Bras Zootec, 30, pp.1621~1629 (2001)[DOI]
- Chizzotti ML, "Intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cows with different milk production levels", Rev Bras Zootec, 36, pp.138~146 (2007)[DOI]
- Broderick GA, "Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows", J Dairy Sci, 86, pp.1370~1381 (2003)[DOI]
- Valadares Filho SC, "Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on nutrient utilization and milk production", J Dairy Sci, 83, pp.106~114 (2000)[DOI]
- Rennó FP, "Bioeconomic evaluation of feeding strategies in milk production systems : 1. Production per animal and per area", Braz J Anim Sci, 37, pp.743~753 (2008)[DOI]
- Mezzalira JC, "Methodological aspects of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle", Rev Bras Zootec, 40, pp.1114~1120 (2011)[DOI]
- Bürger PJ, "Ingestive behavior in Holstein calves fed diets with different concentrate levels", Rev Bras Zootec, 29, pp.236~242 (2000)[DOI]
- Sklan D, "Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids, and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows", J Dairy Sci, 75, pp.2463~2472 (1992)[DOI]
- Ferguson JD, "Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows", J Dairy Sci, 77, pp.2695~2703 (1994)[DOI]
- STAT 9.2 User’s guide, "SAS", pp.2008, SAS Institute
- Murta RM, "Intake, apparent digestibility, production, and composition of milk from cows fed diets with different sources of lipids", Rev Bras Zootec, 45, pp.56~62 (2016)[DOI]
- Menezes CCC, "Total and partial digestibility, rates of digestion obtained with rumenevacuation and microbial protein synthesis in bovines fed fresh or ensiled sugar cane and corn silage", Rev Bras Zootec, 40, pp.1104~1113 (2011)[DOI]
- Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, "Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle : a review", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.E149~58 (2003)[DOI]
- Dado TG, "Intake limitations, feeding behavior, and rumen function of cows challenged with rumen fill from dietary fiber or inert bulk", J Dairy Sci, 78, pp.118~133 (1995)[DOI]
- Doska MC, "Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in Paraná dairy cows", Rev Bras Zootec, 41, pp.692~697 (2012)[DOI]
- Roche JR, "Strategies to gain body condition score in pasture-based dairy cows during late lactation and the far-off nonlactating period and their interaction with close-up dry matter intake", J Dairy Sci, 100, pp.1720~1738 (2017)[DOI]