염색체 말단부위
Back to the Ends: Chromosomal DNA
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Nucleic scids transfer the genetic information for serving a central biological purpose. The nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides and they are mainly ribonucleic acid(RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). The nucleotides are stoichiometrically composed of five-carbon sugars, nitrogeneous bases, and phosphoric acids. The chemistry of nucleic acids and characteristics of different genomes are decribed for further study. Most of DNA genomes tend to be circular including bacterial genomes and eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA. Eukaryotic chromosomes in cells, in contrast, are generally linear. The ends of linear chromosomes are called telomeres. The genomes of different species, such as mammals, plants, invertebrates can be compared with the chromosome ends. The telomeric complex allows cells to distinguish the random DNA breaks and natural chromosomal ends. The very ends of chromosomes cannot be replicated by any ordinary mechanisms. The shortening of telomeric DNA templates in semiconservative replication is occurred with each cell division. The short telomere length is critically related to aging, tumors and dieases.
Abstract
Nucleic scids transfer the genetic information for serving a central biological purpose. The nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides and they are mainly ribonucleic acid(RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). The nucleotides are stoichiometrically composed of five-carbon sugars, nitrogeneous bases, and phosphoric acids. The chemistry of nucleic acids and characteristics of different genomes are decribed for further study. Most of DNA genomes tend to be circular including bacterial genomes and eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA. Eukaryotic chromosomes in cells, in contrast, are generally linear. The ends of linear chromosomes are called telomeres. The genomes of different species, such as mammals, plants, invertebrates can be compared with the chromosome ends. The telomeric complex allows cells to distinguish the random DNA breaks and natural chromosomal ends. The very ends of chromosomes cannot be replicated by any ordinary mechanisms. The shortening of telomeric DNA templates in semiconservative replication is occurred with each cell division. The short telomere length is critically related to aging, tumors and dieases.
참고문헌 (54)
- Grillari J, "Contributions of DNA interstrand cross-links to aging of cells and organisms", Nucleic Acids Res, 35, pp.7566~7576 (2007)
- Cottrell D, "Mitochondria and aging", Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 3, pp.473~478 (2000)
- Muller FL, "Trends in oxidative aging theories", Free Radic Biol Med, 43, pp.477~503 (2007)
- Hales CN, "Suicide of the nephron", Lancet, 357, pp.136~137 (2001)
- Caldecott KW, "DNA single-stranded break repair and spinocerebellar ataxia", Cell, 112, pp.7~10 (2003)
- Kim SH, "Telomeres, aging and cancer: in search of a happy ending", Oncogene, 21, pp.503~511 (2002)
- DePinho RA, "The age of cancer: telomere, checkpoints, and longevity", J Clin Invest, 111, pp.S9~S14 (2003)
- Collado M, "Cellular senescence in cancer and aging", Cell, 130, pp.223~233 (2007)
- Lin MT, "Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases", Nature, 443, pp.787~795 (2006)
- Lu T, "Gene regulation and DNA damage in the aging human brain", Nature, 429, pp.883~891 (2004)
- Chinnery PF, "Point mutations of the mtDNA control region in normal and neurodegenerative human brains", Am J Hum Genet, 68, pp.529~532 (2001)
- Lin MT, "High aggregate burden of somatic mtDNA point mutations in aging and Alzheimer‘s disease brain", Hum Mol Genet, 11, pp.133~145 (2002)
- Lechler R, "Organ transplantation-how much of the promise has been realized?", Nat Med, 11, pp.605~613 (2005)
- Joosten SA, "Telomere shortening and cellular senescence in a model of chronic renal allograft rejection", Am J Pathol, 162, pp.1305~1312 (2003)
- Bell JL, "The double helix in clinical practice", Nature, 421, pp.414~416 (2003)
- Berg JM, "Biochemistry", pp.5~6 (2007), W.H. Freeman & Co.
- Marnmett LJ, "Endogenous DNA damage and mutation", Trends Genet, 17, pp.214~221 (2001)
- Gorbunova V, "Changes in DNA repair during aging", Acids Res, 35, pp.7466~7474 (2007)
- Griffith JD, "Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop", Cell, 97, pp.503~514 (1999)
- Blackburn EH, "Switching and signaling at the telomere", Cell, 106, pp.661~673 (2001)
- Asin-Cayuela J, "Mitochondrial transcription and its regulation in mammalian cells", Trends Biochem Sci, 32, pp.111~117 (2007)
- Krishman KJ, "The ageing mitochondrial genome", Nucleic Acids Res, 35, pp.7399~7405 (2007)
- Hastie ND, "Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with aging", Nature, 346통권 : 866, pp.868~ (1990)
- Kang JB, "Fundamentals of biochemistry", pp.729~731 (2008), Freedom Academy Pub. Co.
- Bender A, "High levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson diease", Nat Genet, 38, pp.515~517 (2006)
- Lee DK, "POZ domain transcription factor, FBI-1, represses transcription of ADH5", FDH by interacting with the zinc finger and interfering with DNA binding activity of Sp1, 2002, pp.277, 26761~26768
- Suh D, "3'-Phosphodiesterase activity of human apurinic", apyrimidinic endonuclease at DNA double- strand break ends, 1997, pp.25, 2495~2500
- Suh D, "Mapping of the cleavage- associated bleomycin binding site on DNA with a new method based on site-specific blockage of the minor groove with N2-isobutyrylguanine", Biochemistry, 36, pp.4248~4257 (1997)
- Suh D, "Daunomycin binding to deoxypolynucleotides with alternating sequences: complete thermodynamic profiles of heterogeneous binding sites", Nucl Nucleic Acids, 21, pp.637~649 (2002)
- Lee JA, "The transcriptional activity of Sp1 is regulated by molecular interactions between the zinc finger DNA binding domain and the inhibitory domain with corepressors, and this interaction is modulated by MEK", J Biol Chem, 280, pp.28061~28071 (2005)
- Champe PC, "Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Biochemistry", pp.400~401 (2005), A Wolters Kluwer Co.
- Lieberman M, "Essentials of medical biochemistry: a clinical approach", pp.132~137 (2007), Wolters Kluwer Co.
- Khrapko K, "Mitochondrial DNA mutations and aging: a case closed?", Nat Genet, 139, pp.445~446 (2007)
- Vermulst M, "Mitochondrial point mutations do not limit the natural lifespan of mice", Nat Genet, 39, pp.540~543 (2007)
- Trifunovic A, "Premature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymerase", Nature, 429, pp.417~423 (2004)
- Heacock ML, "Telomere dynamics and fusion of critically shortened telomeres in plants lacking DNA ligase IV", Nucleic Acids Res, 35, pp.6490~3500 (2007)
- Zubko MK, "Exo1 and RAD24 differentially regulate generation of ssDNA at telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc13-1 mutants", Genetics, 168, pp.103~115 (2004)
- Greider CW, "Telomeres do D-loop-T-loop", Cell, 97, pp.419~422 (1999)
- Chu G, "Double strand break repair", J Biol Chem, 272, pp.24097~24100 (1997)
- Guo Q, "Adenine affects the structure and stability of telomeric sequences", J Biol Chem, 267, pp.15293~15300 (1992)
- Keller TJ, "Enhanced bleomycin-mediated dammage of DNA opposite charged nicks. a model for bleomycin-directed double strand scission of DNA", J Biol Chem, 262, pp.15144~15150 (1987)
- Lansdorp P, "Heterogeneity in telomere length of human chromosomes", Human Mol Genet, 5, pp.685~691 (1996)
- Sfelr A, "Telomere-end processing: the terminal nucleotides of human chromosomes", Mol Cell, 18, pp.131~138 (2005)
- Keys B, "Telomere shortening in human fibroblasts is not dependent on the size of the telomeric-3`-overhang", Aging Cell, 3, pp.103~109 (2004)
- Makarov V, "Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening", Cell, 88, pp.657~666 (1997)
- Harley CB, "Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb?", Mutat Res, 256, pp.271~282 (1991)
- Carr AM, "Beginning at the end", Science, 300, pp.1512~1513 (2003)
- Neidle S, "Telomere maintenance as a target for anticancer drug discovery", Nat Rev Drug Discov, 1, pp.383~393 (2002)
- Takahashi H, "A new family of site-specific retrotransposons, SART1, is inserted into telomeric repeats of the silkworm, Bombyx mori", Nucleic Acids Res, 25, pp.1578~1584 (1997)
- Wicky C, "Telomeric repeats (TTAGGC)n, are sufficient for chromosome capping function in Caenorhabditis elegans", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, pp.8983~8988 (1996)
- Zakian VA, "Telomeres: beginning to understand the end", Science, 270, pp.1601~1607 (1995)
- Park HK, "Ahn B. A DNA repair gene of Caenorhabditis elegans: a homolog of human XPF", DNA Repair, 3, pp.1375~1383 (2004)
- Groth A, "Chromatin challenges during DNA replication and repair", Cell, 128, pp.721~733 (2007)
- Arauzo-Bravo MJ, "Indirect readout in drug-DNA recognition: role of sequence- dependent DNA conformation", Nucleic Acids Res, 36, pp.376~386 (2008)
