닭의 발생 단계별 세포내 Telomere의 양적 분포양상과 Telomerase 활성도 분석
The Amount of Telomeres and Telomerase Activity on Chicken Embryonic Cells During Developmental Stages
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텔로미어는 염색체 말단에 존재하며 TTAGGG의 단순 반복 DNA 염기서열과 특정 단백질로 구성되어 있으며, 염색체의 안정성에 주된 작용을 하며 세포의 노화, 사멸 및 암의 발생과 깊은 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 한편, 텔로머레이스는 리보핵산단백질로서 telomeric DNA 합성에 주된 관여를 한다. 본 연구에서는 닭의 초기 배자 및 신생 조직에 대한 배 발생 단계별 텔로머레이스 활성도와 텔로미어 함량을 분석 고찰하였다. 공시계로는 한국재래계를 이용하였고, 이들의 수정란, 초기 배자 및 발생 과정 중 부란 개체의 간, 뇌, 심장, 신장, 정소 조직을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 텔로미어의 양적 분석은 chicken telomeric DNA probe를 이용하여 Q-FISH로 수행하였고, 텔로머레이스 활성도의 분석은 TRAP 방법을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 배아 조직들내 텔로미어 함유율은 발생 단계가 진행될수록 점진적으로 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 발생 기원에 따른 조직간 텔로미어 함유율에도 많은 차이를 나타내었는데 증식성 세포인 초기배자 및 생식선 세포내의 함유율이 비 증식성 세포인 간, 뇌, 심장, 신장에 비해 월등히 높았다. 텔로머레이스의 활성도는 초기 배 상태에서는 모든 세포에서 강한 활성을 보였으나, 부란 9일령 이후부터 발생이 진행됨에 따라 간, 뇌, 심장조직에서의 활성도가 점진적으로 떨어졌다. 그러나 정소 및 신장 조직의 텔로머레이스는 발생 전 과정 동안 지속적 활성 양상을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통하여 닭의 발생 과정 중 세포의 분화 및 조직 특이성과 텔로머레이스 활성도, 텔로미어 함량 간에는 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되며, 더불어 텔로머레이스 활성도와 텔로미어 함량 간에도 매우 높은 상관관계가 존재함을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Telomeres locate at the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The whole embryos and prenatal tissues such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis at different developmental stages were obtained from Korean Native Chicken. The amount of telomeres on embryonic cells was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) techniques using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results indicated that the amounts of telomeric DNA on the most embryonic cells were gradually decreased during ontogenesis. Furthermore, the quantity of telomeres was quite different among embryonic tissues according to developmental origin. The relative amount of telomeres has more in regenerative cells such as embryonic disc and testicular cells than in non-regenerative cells such as liver, brain, heart and kidney cells. Telomerase activity was also highly detectable in most chicken cells at early embryonic stages. After 9 days of incubation, however, the telomerase activitie was gradually decreased in brain, heart and liver cells, but not in the testicular and kidney cells. In conclusion, the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity are closely related to cell differentiation and tissue specificity during chicken developmental stages. Moreover, the highly positive correlation is existed between telomere amount and telomerase activity in chicken cells.
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