소아 일차성 신증후군의 치료반응과 재발빈도에 관련된 인자
Predictive Clinical Factors for the Treatment Response and Relapse Rate in Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
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목 적 : 일차성 신증후군으로 진단된 소아 환자들에서 치료반응과 재발을 예측할 수 있는 인자를 찾기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1991년 11월부터 2006년 5월 사이에 충북대학병원 소아과에서 일차성 신증후군으로 처음 진단받고 6개월 이상 관찰한 57명의 환자를 대상으로 성별, 발병연령, 각종 검사실 소견, 첫 치료 후 관해까지의 기간, 첫 치료 후 재발까지의 기간, 환자 당 연간 평균 재발횟수 등을 의무기록지를 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다.결 과 : 대상은 57명으로 남녀비는 4.2 대 1이었으며, 발병연령은 평균 5.8±4.1세였다. 스테로이드 초기치료 후 2/3 이상(70.2%)이 2주 이내에 완전관해에 도달하였고 2주 이후에 완전관해에 도달한 군과 비교하였을 때 재발빈도에는 차이가 없었으나 혈청 IgG는 후자에서 유의하게 낮았다(P=0.036). 스테로이드 초기치료 후 대부분(87%)이 재발하여, 빈번재발자가 22명(38.6%), 간헐재발자가 25명(43.9%), 무재발자가 7명(12.3%)이었다. 환자의 성별, 발병 및 재발시 세균성 감염질환의 동반 여부, 각종 검사실 소견(혈액 요소 질소, 혈청 크레아티닌, 알부민, 총콜레스테롤, 24시간 요단백량, 혈청 IgA, 혈청 IgM, 혈청 IgG 등), 첫 치료 후 관해까지의 기간은 재발빈도와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 동반된 세균성 감염질환은 총 8례 중 대부분인 6례(75 %)가 빈번재발자군에서 발생하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.06). 그러나 발병연령은 환자 당 연간 평균 재발횟수와 음의 상관관계(상관계수 : -0.337, P<0.012)를 보였고, 발병연령이 빈번재발자군에서 무재발자를 포함한 간헐재발자군보다 유의하게 낮았다(3.9±3.0 vs. 6.8±4.3, P<0.01). 첫 치료 후 재발까지의 기간은 환자 당 연간 평균 재발횟수와 음의 상관관계(상관계수 : -0.433, P<0.01)를 보였고 빈번재발자군이 간헐재발자군보다 유의하게 짧았다(4.1±3.0 vs. 9.0±5.9, P<0.01)
Abstract
Purpose : This study was aimed to determine the predictive risk factors for the treatment response and relapse rate in children diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Methods : We analyzed the medical records of children who were diagnosed and treated for childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome from November 1991 to May 2005. Variables selected in this study were age at onset, sex, laboratory data, concomitant bacterial infections, days to remission, and interval to first relapse. Results : There were 46 males and 11 females, giving a male : female ratio of 4.2 : 1. The age(mean±SD) of patients was 5.8±4.1 years old. Of all patients who were initially given corticosteroids, complete remission(CR) was observed in 54(94.7%). Of the 54 patients who showed CR with initial treatment, 40(70.2%) showed CR within 2 weeks and 14(24.6%) showed CR after 2 weeks. The levels of serum IgG were lower in the latter group who showed CR after 2 weeks(P=0.036). Of the 54 patients who showed CR with initial treatment, 47(82.5%) relapsed. Of these patients, 35.1% were frequent relapsers and 43.9% were infrequent relapsers. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of relapse and the following variables : sex, days to remission, and laboratory data. However, age at onset and interval to first relapse had a negative correlation with the frequency of relapse (Pearson's coefficient=-0.337, -0.433, P<0.012, P<0.01). Conclusion : The age at onset and the interval to first relapse were found to be predictive clinical parameters for the relapse rate, while the levels of serum IgG at initial presentation were a predictive laboratory factor for treatment response in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
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