Emotional Intelligence across Cultures: The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Cultural Distance
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study focuses on the workplaces of two distinct nations, the United States and Korea, to ascertain the impact of culture on emotional intelligence (EI). This paper examines if EI is dependant on culture by finding significant variances of emotional responses under a given situation. The results suggest that EI is significantly impacted by national culture. In addition, this study investigates the relationship between cultural distance and EI by using the secondary data of 19,402 participants across 13 nations. The results demonstrate that only power distance among Hofstede’s dimensions has significant effect on EI.
Abstract
This study focuses on the workplaces of two distinct nations, the United States and Korea, to ascertain the impact of culture on emotional intelligence (EI). This paper examines if EI is dependant on culture by finding significant variances of emotional responses under a given situation. The results suggest that EI is significantly impacted by national culture. In addition, this study investigates the relationship between cultural distance and EI by using the secondary data of 19,402 participants across 13 nations. The results demonstrate that only power distance among Hofstede’s dimensions has significant effect on EI.
참고문헌 (78)
- Aaker, J., "Empathy versus pride: The influence of emotional appeals across cultures", Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), pp.241~261 (1998)
- Agarwal, S., "Sociocultural distance and the choice of joint ventures: A contingency perspective", Journal of International Marketing, 2(2), pp.63~80 (1994)
- Assai, M., "Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives in self-ingroup relationship", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(2), pp.323~338 (1988)
- "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: 4th Edition" (2003)
- Bailey, J., "Conceptions of self and performance- related feedback in the U.S., Japan and China", Journal of International Business Studies, 28(3), pp.605~625 (1997)
- Bandura, A., "Social cognitive theory in cultural context", Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(2), pp.269~290 (2002)
- Bar-On, R., "The development of a concept of psychological well-being", 박사, pp.1988
- Bar-On, R., "Emotional and social intelligence: Insights from the emotional quotient inventory. in: The Handbook of emotional intelligence: theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace", pp.363~388 (2000), Jossey Bass
- Bar-On, R., "Emotional quotient inventory (EQI) Technical Manual" (2006), MHS
- Benson, E., "Intelligence across cultures: Research in Africa, Asia and Latin America is showing how culture and intelligence interact", Monitor on Psychology, 34(2), pp.56~58 (2003)
- Berrocal, P.F., "Cultural influence on the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence and depression", Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 18(1), pp.91~107 (2005)
- Brewer, C., "Comparative research in human resource management: A review and example", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(3), pp.585~604 (1996)
- Brouthers, K. D., "Explaining the national culture distance paradox", Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), pp.177~189 (2001)
- "Emotional competence and leadership excellence at Johnson & Johnson: The emotional intelligence and leadership study"[URL]
- Cherniss, C., "The emotionally intelligent workplace: How to select for measure, and improve emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations" (2001), Jossey-Bass
- Chipain, G. C., "Emotional intelligence and its relationship with sales success", pp.2003
- Chirkov, V. I., "Application of the scenario questionnaire of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism to the assessment of cultural distance and cultural fit", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, pp.469~490 (2005)
- Cohen, Jacob, "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Rev. Ed.)" (1988), Academic Press
- DeMente, B. L., "Korean etiquette and ethics in business" (1988), NTC Business Books
- Doi, T., "The anatomy of dependence" (1973), Kodansha International
- Eagly, A., "Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), pp.3~22 (1992)
- Earley, P. C., "Cultural intelligence: An analysis of individual interactions across cultures" (2003), Stanford University Press
- Earley, P. C., "CQ: Developing cultural intelligence at work" (2006), Stanford University Press
- Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI) Technical Report, , MHS, ~ (2006)
- Gabel, R. S., "Emotional intelligence as predictor of cultural adjustment for success in global assignments", Career Development International, 10(5), pp.375~395 (2005)
- Gardner, H., "Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice" (1993), Basic
- Goleman, D., "Emotional intelligence" (1995), Bantam Books
- Goleman, D., "Working With Emotional Intelligence" (1998), Bantam Books
- Greenfield, P. M., "You can’t take it with you: Why ability assessments don’t cross culture?", American Psychologist, 52(10), pp.1115~1124 (1997)
- Grosse, R., "Foreign direct investment in the United States: An analysis of country of origin", Journal of International Business Studies, 27(1), pp.139~155 (1996)
- Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis" (1995), Prentice Hall
- Hall, E. T., "Beyond culture" (1976), Anchor Press
- Hall, E. T., "Understanding cultural differences" (1990), Intercultural Press
- Hart, B., "Men and women should celebrate differences" (2002), The Desert News Publishing Co.
- Hay, "Generic Competency Dictionary", pp.McBer, McBer
- Hemphill, C., "Class, gender, and the regulation of emotional expression. in: An emotional history of the United States", pp.33~51 (1998), New York University Press
- Higgs, M., "Making sense of emotional intelligence" (1999), NFER Nelson
- Emotional intelligence and culture: an exploration of relationship between individual emotional intelligence and organizational culture, "Higgs, M.", 1~35, pp.Henley Working Papers and Research Notes: HWP0118 (2001)
- Hochschild, A. R., "The sociology of emotion as a way of seeing. in: emotions in social life: critical themes amid contemporary issues" (1996), Routledge
- Hochschild, A. R., "The managed heart: The commercialization of human feeling" (1983), University of California Press
- Hofstede, G., "Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad?", Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), pp.42~63 (1980)
- "Emotional intelligence assessment: Working with culture, Multicultural Matters"[URL]
- Kim, U., "Individualism and collectivism: theory, method, and applications" (1994), Sage
- Kogut, B., "The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode", Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3), pp.411~432 (1988)
- "'Cultural bias in IQ testing,' Liberal Arts and Crafts"[URL]
- MacConatha, J. T., "Emotional control in adulthood", Psychological Reports, 80(2), pp.499~507 (1997)
- Marcus, H., "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation", Psychology Review, 98(2), pp.224~253 (1991)
- MacConatha, J. T., "Culture, age, and gender as variables in the expression of emotion", Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9(3), pp.481~488 (1994)
- Manev, I. M., "Nationality cultural distance and expatriate status: Effects on the managerial in a multinational enterprise", Journal of International Business Studies, 32(2), pp.285~303 (2001)
- Matsumoto, D., "Cultural influences in the perception of emotion", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20(1), pp.92~105 (1989)
- Marcus, H. R., "The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective", Annual Review of Psychology, 38, pp.299~337 (1987)
- Mayer, J. D., "Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence", Intelligence, 27(4), pp.267~298 (1999)
- Mayer, J., "The intelligence of emotional intelligence", Intelligence, 17(4), pp.433~442 (1993)
- Moon, Y., "The EQ Episode Test" (1999), Seoul National University
- 문용린, "EQ 생활태도검사의 타당화 연구", 인간발달연구, 11(3), pp.1~16 (2004), 한국인간발달학회
- Mesquita, B., "Culture and emotion. in: Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Basic processes and human development (Vol 2)", pp.255~297 (1997), Allyn and Bacon
- Muchinsky, P., "Emotions in the workplace: the neglect of organizational behavior", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), pp.801~805 (2000)
- Oyserman, D., "The Sociocultural self. in: Psychological Perspectives on the Self: Vol 4 (The Self in Social Perspective)" (1993), Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
- Paez, D., "Cultural difference in emotional knowledge. in: Everyday conceptions of emotion" (1995), Kluwer Academic Press
- Petrides, K., "Gender differences in measured and self-estimated trait emotional intelligence", Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 42(5), pp.449~461 (2000)
- Poortinga, Y. H., "Equivalence of cross-cultural data: An overview of basic issues", International Journal of Psychology, 24(6), pp.737~756 (1989)
- Salovey, P., "Emotional development and emotional intelligence" (1997), Basic Books, HarperCollins
- Salovey, P., "Emotional intelligence", Imagination, Cognition & Personality, 9, pp.185~211 (1990)
- Sandhu, D. S., "Psychocultural profiles of Asian and Pacific Islanders Americans: Implications for counseling and psychotherapy", Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25(1), pp.7~22 (1997)
- Shenkar, O., "Cultural distance revisited: Towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences", Journal of International Business Studies, 32(3), pp.519~535 (2001)
- Schutte, N. S., "Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence", Personality and Individual Differences, 25, pp.523~536 (1998)
- Emotional Intelligence and Life Adjustment: A Validation Study. in: SSE, "EFI Working Paper Series", Sjöberg, L., 2001, pp.1~14
- Sousa, C. M., "Cultural distance and psychic distance: two peas in a pod?", Journal of International Marketing, 14(1), pp.49~70 (2006)
- Soutar, N. G., "Are Hofstde’s and Schwartz’s value frameworks congruent?", International Marketing Review, 24(2), pp.164~180 (2007)
- Steenkamp, J.-B.E.M., "The role of national culture in international marketing research", International Marketing Review, 18(1), pp.30~44 (2001)
- Sternberg, R. J., "Handbook of human intelligence" (1986), Cambridge University Press
- "Euphoria after the summit. KOIS Special"[URL]
- Thorndike, R., "Intelligence and its uses", Harper Magazine, 140, pp.227~235 (1920)
- Triandis, H. C., "The Self and social behavior in differing cultural Contexts", Psychological Review, 96(3), pp.506~520 (1989)
- Triandis, H. C., "Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationship", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(2), pp.323~338 (1988)
- Trompennars, F., "Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business" (1994), Irwin Professional Publications
- Whyte, W. H., "The organization man" (1956), Simon and Schuster
- Yoo, S., "The cultural impact on depression expression and attitudes toward seeking professional help: A comparative study of Americans and South Koreans", Asian Pacific Education Review, 2(1), pp.94~100 (2001)
