Super-EBM 모형과 Malmquist-Luenberger 지수를 적용한 산업단지의 환경 효율성 및 생산성 분석
Analysis of the Environmental Efficiency and Productivity of Industrial Complexes by Applying Super-EBM Model and Malmquist-Luenberger Index
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[연구목적] 산업단지는 우리나라 산업 발전과 경제 성장의 거점 역할을 담당하고 있지만 동시에 자원 소모와 환경 오염에도 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지역별 산업단지의 환경 효율성 및 생산성 변화를 실증분석함으로써 지속가능한 산업단지 조성을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. [연구방법] 본 연구에서는 비소망 산출물을 반영한 환경 효율성 평가를 위해 방사적 모형과 비방사적 모형의 특성을 모두 고려하는 하이브리드 EBM(Epsilon-Based Measure) 모형을 적용하였다. 특히 Superefficiency 기법을 결합한 Super-EBM 모형을 이용하여 산업단지의 환경 효율성에 대한 지역 간 차이를 비교하고, Malmquist-Luenberger 지수를 통해 산업단지 환경 효율성의 시계열적인 변화 추세를 분석하였다. [연구결과] 산업단지의 환경 효율성에 대한 실증분석 결과, 순수한 기술적 효율성은 효율성 향상에 긍정적영향을 미친 반면, 규모 효과는 오히려 부정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업단지의 생산성은 전반적으로 하락한 것으로 나타났으며 그 원인은 주로 기술진보의 둔화에 기인한 것으로 분석되었다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구 결과에 의하면 기후변화 및 국제환경 규제 등에 대응하기 위해서는 노후산단의 고도화 및 스마트화 등 기존 산업단지를 저탄소 친환경 공간으로 전환하기 위한 정책적 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
[Purpose] Industrial parks have played a pivotal role in the industrial development and economic growth of Korea, but have also been responsible for massive resource consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, by empirically analyzing the environmental efficiency and productivity changes of regional industrial complexes, this study aims to provide policy implications for sustainable industrial complex development. [Methodology] In this study, we apply a hybrid Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) model that considers the characteristics of both radial and non-radial models to evaluate environmental efficiency reflecting non-desired outputs. In particular, the Super-EBM model, which combines the Super-efficiency technique, was used to compare regional differences in the environmental efficiency of industrial complexes, and the Malmquist-Luenberger index was used to analyze the temporal change trend of the environmental efficiency of industrial complexes. [Findings] The empirical analysis of the environmental efficiency of industrial complexes shows that pure technical efficiency has a positive effect on efficiency improvement, while the scale effect has a negative effect. In addition, the productivity of industrial complexes has shown declining trends, mainly due to the slowdown in technological progress. [Implications] The results of this study suggest that in order to cope with climate change and international environmental regulations, it is necessary to provide policy support to transform existing industrial complexes into low-carbon and eco-friendly spaces, including the upgrading and smartization of old industrial complexes.
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