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인공지능에 대한 기회 인식이 조직 구성원의 직무성과에 미치는 영향 -무형식학습의 매개효과와 AI 기반 훈련의 조절효과를 중심으로-

A Study on the Effect of Artificial intelligence Opportunity Perception on Employee Job Performance -Focus on Mediating Effect of Informal Learning and Moderating Effect of Artificial Intelligence in the Training-

김예진|최수형|한총
대한경영정보학회 (Daehan Academy Of Management Information Systems)|2024.12|경영과 정보연구 (Management & Information Systems Review)|제43권 제4호|pp. 1-27|DOI 10.29214/damis.2024.43.4.001

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참고문헌

키워드

직무성과Job PerformanceInformal Learning무형식학습인공지능에 대한 기회 인식인공지능 기반 훈련Artificial Intelligence Opportunity PerceptionArtificial Intelligence in the Training
주제분류경영학

초록

[연구목적] 본 연구는 스트레스 거래 이론을 바탕으로 조직 구성원의 인공지능(AI)에 대한 기회 인식이직무성과에 미치는 영향을 검토하며 AI에 대한 기회 인식과 직무성과 간의 관계에서 무형식학습의 매개효과를 밝히는 것에 목적이 있다. 더 나아가 AI에 대한 기회 인식이 무형식학습을 통해 직무성과에 미치는영향에 있어 AI 기반 훈련의 조절효과를 검토함으로써 AI 기반 훈련의 효과성을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 가설을 설정하였다. 첫째, AI에 대한 기회 인식은 조직 구성원의 직무성과를 향상시킬것이다. 둘째, AI에 대한 기회 인식과 조직 구성원의 직무성과 간의 관계에서 무형식학습은 유의미한 매개효과를 가질 것이다. 셋째, AI에 대한 기회 인식이 무형식학습을 통해 직무성과에 미치는 영향에 있어 AI 기반 훈련은 유의미한 조절효과를 가질 것으로 가정하였다. [연구방법] 중국의 많은 기업들은 AI 발전에 맞춰 조직 구조와 전략에 AI를 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가설 검증을 위하여 AI에 대한 투자를 확대하고 있는 제조업, 서비스업, 금융업 종사자를대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 총 253부의 설문지를 수집하였고 유효한 설문지 230부를 분석에 사용하였다. 분석은 SPSS 26.0 및 AMOS 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 진행하였다. [연구결과] 분석결과, AI에 대한 기회 인식은 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 AI에 대한 기회 인식은 무형식학습에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 무형식학습은 직무성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. AI 에 대한 기회 인식과 직무성과 간의 관계에서 무형식학습에 대한 매개효과 또한 유의미한 결과로 나타났다. 그러나 AI에 대한 기회 인식, 무형식학습 그리고 직무성과의 관계에서 AI 기반 훈련의 조절효과는 가지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 AI에 대한 기회 인식이 조직 구성원의 무형식학습을 촉진하고 이는 높은 수준의 직무성과로 이어질 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이는 AI에 대한 조직 구성원의 긍정적 인식이 조직에서 구성원의 학습 태도를 형성하며 직무성과를 촉진한다는 것을 보여준다는 점에서 AI에 대한 조직 구성원의긍정적 인식의 중요성을 제시하였다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 조직 차원에서 구성원이 AI에 대해 긍정적으로 인식할 수 있도록 AI의 가치를 기반으로 한 다양한 정보를 제공하고 AI를 유용하게 활용할 수 있도록 적극지원할 필요가 있다는 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

[Purpose] This study examines the relationship between organizational members' perception of opportunities for AI and job performance, and aims to reveal the mediating effect of informal learning in the relationship between opportunity perception for AI and job performance. Furthermore, it reveals the effectiveness of AI-based training by examining the moderating effect of AI-based training on the effect of opportunity perception for AI on job performance through informal learning. Therefore, the following hypothesis was established. First, perception of opportunities for AI will improve the job performance. Second, perception of opportunities for AI will strengthen informal learning. Third, informal learning will improve the job performance of organizational members. Fourth, in the relationship between opportunity perception for AI and job performance, informal learning has a significant mediating effect. Finally, AI-based training has a significant moderating effect on the effect of opportunity perception for AI on job performance through informal learning. [Methodology] This study conducted a survey targeting workers in industries such as manufacturing, service and financial industries that are expanding their investment in AI. As a result, a total of 253 questionnaires were collected, of which 230 copies were valid for result analysis. [Findings] As a result of the analysis, opportunity perception for AI had a positive effect on informal learning, and informal learning had a positive effect on job performance. In addition, there was a mediating effect of informal learning in the relationship between opportunity perception for AI and job performance. However, it was found that there was no moderating effect of AI-based training in the relationship between AI opportunity perception, informal learning, and job performance. [Implications] This study showed that opportunity perception for AI promotes informal learning among members, which can lead to a high level of job performance. it suggests the importance of positive perceptions of members for AI. In other words, in the trend of increasing AI introduction within the organization, it has a practical meaning that members should positively recognize AI which can lead positive informal learning attitude and job performance.

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