단기간과 장기간 지구성운동 시 쥐의 골격근 내 항산화 효소와 미토콘드리아 효소의 발현양상
The effect of acute and prolonged endurance swim exercise on antioxidant and mitochondrial enzymes in rat skeletal muscle.
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초록
증가된 골격근 내 미토콘드리아 호흡은 운동으로 인해 생성되는 대부분의 산화스트레스의 원인이 된다. 일반적으로 운동강도가 높고, 운동시간이 길수록 산화스트레스 조절을 위한 항산화 효소의 발현이 증가되는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 운동기간에 따른 항산화효소의 단백질 발현 변화를 살펴본 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지구성운동 기간에 따른 항산화 효소의 발현을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 24마리의 쥐를 대상으로 각각 6마리씩 4그룹(sedentary, 1 day exercise, 3 day exercise, 3 weeks exercise)으로 분류한 다음 수영을 실시하였다. TBARS 측정을 위한 혈액은 마지막 운동훈련이 끝난 직후 채취하고, 항산화 효소와 미토콘드리아 전자전달 효소의 발현 분석을 위한 골격근은 마지막 운동훈련 18시간 후 적출하였다. 그 결과 1일 운동 후 증가된 TBARS는 3일과 3주 운동 후에는 대조군 수준으로 감소하였다. 그리고 세포질과 미토콘드리아에 존재하는 다양한 항산화 효소의 단백질 발현은 1일 운동 후에는 차이가 없거나(catalase, SOD2) 감소(SOD1, GPx-1)하였으나, 3일 운동 후에는 증가(SOD1, catalase, SOD2) 되었다. 그리고 3주 운동 후에는 세포질에 존재하는 모든 항산화 효소가 대조군과 비교해 차이가 없었으나, 미토콘드리아에 존재하는 SOD2는 증가되었다. 마지막으로 미토콘드리아 전자전달 효소의 단백질 발현은 1일, 3일 그리고 3주 운동 모두 증가하였으며, 3주 운동 후에는 1일 운동에 비해 증가하였다. 그리고 미토콘드리아 Krebs 회로 효소인 citrate synthase 발현은 3주 운동 후 증가되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 수영과 같은 지구성 운동 시 에는 세포질에 존재하는 항산화 효소에 의한 방어체계의 경우 단기간 운동 시 에는 증가하지만, 운동이 장기간 지속될 경우 안정 시 수준으로 회귀하였다. 그러나 미토콘드리아에 존재하는 항산화 효소에 의한 방어체계의 경우 3일부터 3주까지 증가상태를 유지하였다.
Abstract
The majority of the oxidants produced in muscles are due to an elevated rate of mitochondrial respiration. In general, expression of antioxidant enzymes for protection of oxidative stress were increased in both high intensity and long duration exercise. However, there are no studies reported regarding the effect of acute and prolonged endurance exercise on antioxidant enzymes expression. This study measured antioxidant enzymes to evaluate the total antioxidant defense capacity in rat skeletal muscles subjected to acute and prolonged endurance exercise. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (sedentary, 1 day exercise, 3 day exercise, 3 weeks exercise). Exercise groups were trained by using a 6 h/day swimming program. Blood samples for TBARS were drawn immediately after the exercise session. Muscles samples for antioxidant and mitochondrial enzymes were harvested 18 hours after the last bout of exercise. Endurance exercise training increased serum TBARS levels in 1 day exercise group, but that of 3 day and 3 weeks exercise groups were not changed compare to sedentary group. The expression of antioxidant enzymes were not changed (catalase, SOD2) or decreased (SOD1, GPx-1) in the muscles' of 1 day exercise group, but SOD1, catalase and SOD2 expression were increased in the 3 day exercise group. Cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, catalase, GPx-1) were not changed from the sedentary group, but the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme SOD2 was increased in the muscles' of 3 week exercise group. NADH-UO and COX1 expression were increased in all exercised groups (1 day, 3 day, 3 weeks). Mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes expression were higher in 3 week group compare to 1 day exercise group. Krebs cycle enzyme citrate synthase only increased after 3 weeks exercise. These results indicate that antioxidant defense capacity by cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes in muscles' of endurance trained rat were only increased in short term exercise. However, an increase in antioxidant defense capacity by mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, SOD 2, was increased after prolonged endurance exercise training.
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