척수 좌상 후 골수간질세포 이식과 트레드밀 운동이 축삭 성장, 근위축 방지 및 기능적 회복에 미치는 효과
Effect of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells and treadmill exercise on axonal sprouting, prevention of muscle atrophy, and functional recovery after spinal cord contusion
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본 연구는 척수 좌상(spinal cord contusion injury, SCI) 후 bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) 이식과 트레드밀 운동의 복합 적용이 BBB 검사와 Grid walk 검사를 통한 기능적 개선 및 손상 아랫부분에서의 축삭 재생 그리고 골격근의 위축에 관여하는 단백질 발현에 미치는 효과를 관찰하는데 그 목적이 있다. 7주령 Sprague-Dawley(SD) 쥐를 이용하여 정상 그룹, 척수 좌상 후 위약 처치(PBS) 그룹, 척수 좌상 후 BMSCs 이식 그룹 그리고 척수 좌상 후 BMSCs 이식과 트레드밀 운동 그룹으로 분류하여 수행하였다. 본 연구결과 척수 좌상 후 기능적 회복 변화가 SCI+BMSC>SCI+BMSC+exercise>SCI+PBS 순으로 나타났으며, 그 결과 BMSC와 운동의 복합적용이 손상된 척수에서의 조직학적이고, 행동학적인 변화에 미치는 효과가 BMSC만을 이식하는 처치 방법보다 효과적이라고는 할 수 없었다. 하지만 척수 좌상 후 하지 근육, 즉 비복근의 위축 정도를 확인하는 myostatin의 발현 양상에서 SCI+BMSC+exercise>SCI+BMSC>SCI+PBS 순으로 나타난 것으로 보아 척수 좌상으로 유도될 수 있는 골격근의 위축 지연에는 운동 적용이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 척수 좌상 후 신경계의 조직학적이고, 생화학적인 변화 유도뿐만 아니라 골격근의 위축 방지를 통한 기능적 회복을 위해서는 반드시 세포 이식과 운동의 복합적용이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) is a new therapeutic tool for improving functional deficits after spinal cord contusion injury(SCI). Treadmill exercise has been known to facilitate motor and sensory functions and to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after SCI. Here we investigated the effect of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells and treadmill exercise on axonal sprouting, prevention of muscle atrophy and functional recovery after SCI. The rats were divided into four groups: the sham operation group(n=10), SCI and PBS injection group(n=10), SCI and BMSCs transplantation group(n=10), and SCI and BMSCs transplantation and treadmill exercise group(n=10). To determine functional recovery after SCI, we carried out Basso-Brestti-Brenahan(BBB) and Grid walk tests. BMSCs transplantation and combining exercise with grafting significantly improved SCI-induced behavioral deficits at 3 and 5 weeks after grafting. But combining exercise with grafting didn't show better functional recovery than BMSCs grafting after SCI. Although almost all DiI-labled axons after SCI disappeared in lumbar 1 to 2 levels, BMSCs transplantation and combining exercise with grafting increased the number of sprouting axons in the region caudal to the epicenter at 6 weeks post injury. Also the results of present study suggested that myostatin expression levels were further decreased by combining exercise with grafting when compared to grafting group. Our data provide new evidence that combining exercise with BMSCs transplantation may be an important therapeutic approach for improving functional and histological deficits and inhibiting skeletal muscle atrophy after SCI.
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