저항성 운동이 노화 흰쥐 해마 및 소뇌의 신경가소성 인자 발현 및 미세구조와 신경학적 기능에 미치는 영향
Effects of Resistance Exercise on Synaptic Plasticity Factor, Ultrastructural and Neurologic-Function in Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Aging Rats
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본 연구는 노화로 인해 나타나는 기억력 감소와 균형감각의 저하를 저항성 운동이 지연시킬 수 있는지와 그 기전을 밝힘으로써, 노인운동처방학적 운동기전을 제시하고자 하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 노화 흰쥐를 대상으로 tower climbing 운동을 12주간 실시한 후 신경기능학적 향상, 신경가소성 인자인 BDNF, TrkB의 발현 증가와 시냅스관련 단백질인 synapsin I의 발현을 유도할 수 있는 지와 해마의 연접형성수준의 증가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 실험동물은 Sprague-Dawley 계열의 노화 흰쥐 72주령 수컷과 대조군으로 10주령 수컷이 이용되었으며, 이들은 실험 전 일주일 동안 운동 환경에 대한 적응기간을 거친 후, 무작위 표본추출에 의하여 노화 쥐는 노화 대조군(aging control group, ACG; n=15)과 노화 운동군(aging and exercise-trained group, AEG; n=15)으로 분류되었고, 10주령의 정상 대조군(normal control group, NCG; n=15)이 비교군으로 이용되었다. 저항성 운동은 tower climbing protocol을 이용하여 1일 약 30분씩 3회(09시, 14시, 20시) 12주 동안 훈련시켰다. 공간학습과 기억력과 균형감각과 신경학적 기능평가는 Morris water maze와 balance beam 검사가 이용되었고, BDNF, TrkB와 synapsin I과 같은 단백질 분석은 Western blotting 방법이 이용되었다. 또한, 해마부위 연접형성수준의 변화는 투과전자현미경(TEM)적 관찰을 통해 확인하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에 수행된 저항성 운동인 tower climbing 운동의 12주간 훈련은 노화로 인해 해마, 소뇌 부위의 신경 및 연접가소성인자 감소로 인해 저하된 공간학습기억능력과 평형감각기능을 지연시키는데 효과적인 운동임을 확인할 수 있었던 연구이다.
Abstract
Aging results in cognitive and balance decline both in humans and animals. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus and cerebellum also declines with age. Traditionally, exercise has been used for the treatment of several neuro degenerative disorders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on spatial learning memory ability, the synapses and the synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor in hippocampus and cerebellum in aged-rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups (n=15 in each group): the normal control group (NCG), the aging control group (ACG), the aging and exercise-trained group (AEG). Animals in the exercise group were performed to daily exercise on the tower climbing during 12 weeks. The spatial learning and memory capability was evaluated by Morris water maze in a separate set of rats. Also, the balance function was evaluated by Balance beam test. Western blotting analysis for the expression of BDNF, TrkB and synapsin I was performed. Electron microscopy were used to evaluate synaptic plasticity and quantitative electron microscopy was used to investigate morphological changes in the hippocampus. Measurements taken from analysis of the electron micrograph sets were used to calculate the spine synapses in hippocampus. Here in this study, it have shown that both synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor expression and spine synapses were suppressed in aged-rat, whereas tower climbing exercise alleviated the aging-induced suppression of both synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor expression and spine synapses in the hippocampus of rats. The results of the present study indicate that tower climbing exercise may facilitate recovery from the CNS complications associated with aging by inducing enhanced the morphological development of synapses in the hippocampus via the augmentation of synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor expression in the hippocampus and the cerebellum.
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