본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

RNA therapy: rich history, various applications and unlimited future prospects

1

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

주제분류생화학

초록

RNA therapy refers to the treatment or prevention of diseases using RNA-based molecules. The recent advent of a series of effective messenger RNA-based vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has reignited research interest in RNA therapy. Based on the accumulated results of long-term research in the field of RNA therapy spanning several decades, therapeutic agents for various diseases are being rapidly developed. These therapeutics tend to target diseases that cannot be treated with other conventional drug groups, and several clinical studies are underway for a variety of RNA-based therapeutics against various incurable diseases. This review describes the history of several important discoveries in RNA biology and their impact on key developments in RNA therapy as well as the advantages of RNA therapy. In addition, it describes the action mechanisms and examples of drugs approved for RNA therapy. Finally, this review discusses methods for RNA drug delivery to target organs and cells. Given that RNA therapy is expected to advance and play an integral role in the development of novel therapeutic agents for human diseases in the future, this review is designed to offer an updated reference point for researchers in this field.

Abstract

RNA therapy refers to the treatment or prevention of diseases using RNA-based molecules. The recent advent of a series of effective messenger RNA-based vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has reignited research interest in RNA therapy. Based on the accumulated results of long-term research in the field of RNA therapy spanning several decades, therapeutic agents for various diseases are being rapidly developed. These therapeutics tend to target diseases that cannot be treated with other conventional drug groups, and several clinical studies are underway for a variety of RNA-based therapeutics against various incurable diseases. This review describes the history of several important discoveries in RNA biology and their impact on key developments in RNA therapy as well as the advantages of RNA therapy. In addition, it describes the action mechanisms and examples of drugs approved for RNA therapy. Finally, this review discusses methods for RNA drug delivery to target organs and cells. Given that RNA therapy is expected to advance and play an integral role in the development of novel therapeutic agents for human diseases in the future, this review is designed to offer an updated reference point for researchers in this field.

참고문헌 (76)

  1. 김영국, "RNA Therapy: Current Status and Future Potential", 전남의대학술지, 56(2), pp.87~93 (2020), 의과학연구소[DOI]
  2. Crick, FH, "On protein synthesis", Symp Soc Exp Biol, 12, pp.138~163 (1958)
  3. Brenner, S, "An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes to ribosomes for protein synthesis", Nature, 190, pp.576~581 (1961)
  4. Gros, F, "Unstable ribonucleic acid revealed by pulse labelling of Escherichia coli", Nature, 190, pp.581~585 (1961)
  5. Rich, A, "A new two stranded helical structure: polyadenylic acid and polyuridylic acid", J Am Chem Soc, 78, pp.3548~3549 (1956)
  6. Lee, RC, "The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14", Cell, 75, pp.843~854 (1993)
  7. Wightman, B, "Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans", Cell, 75, pp.855~862 (1993)
  8. Fire, A, "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans", Nature, 391, pp.806~811 (1998)
  9. Zamecnik, PC, "Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 75, pp.280~284 (1978)
  10. Roehr, B, "Fomivirsen approved for CMV retinitis", J Int Assoc Phys AIDS Care, 4, pp.14~16 (1998)
  11. Berget, SM, "Spliced segments at the 5’ terminus of adenovirus 2 late mRNA", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 74, pp.3171~3175 (1977)
  12. Chow, LT, "An amazing sequence arrangement at the 5’ ends of adenovirus 2 messenger RNA", Cell, 12, pp.1~8 (1977)
  13. Faustino, NA, "Pre-mRNA splicing and human disease", Genes Dev, 17, pp.419~437 (2003)
  14. Scotti, MM, "RNA mis-splicing in disease", Nat Rev Genet, 17, pp.19~32 (2016)
  15. Dominski, Z, "Restoration of correct splicing in thalassemic pre-mRNA by antisense oligonucleotides", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, pp.8673~8677 (1993)
  16. McCaffrey, AP, "RNA interference in adult mice", Nature, 418, pp.38~39 (2002)
  17. Davis, ME, "Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles", Nature, 464, pp.1067~1070 (2010)
  18. Adams, D, "Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic, for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis", N Engl J Med, 379, pp.11~21 (2018)
  19. Baltimore, D, "Preliminary data on a virus-specific enzyme system responsible for the synthesis of viral RNA", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 9, pp.388~392 (1962)
  20. Reich, E, "Tatumel Action of actinomycin D on animal cells and viruses", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 48, pp.1238~1245 (1962)
  21. Bloom, K, "Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases", Gene Ther, 28, pp.117~129 (2021)
  22. Baltimore, D, "RNA-dependent D. N. A. polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses", Nature, 226, pp.1209~1211 (1970)
  23. Temin, HM, "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus", Nature, 226, pp.1211~1213 (1970)
  24. Wolff, JA, "Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo", Science, 247, pp.1465~1468 (1990)
  25. Martinon, F, "Induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by liposome-entrapped mRNA", Eur J Immunol, 23, pp.1719~1722 (1993)
  26. Conry, RM, "Characterization of a messenger RNA polynucleotide vaccine vector", Cancer Res, 55, pp.1397~1400 (1995)
  27. Weide, B, "Results of the first phase I", II clinical vaccination trial with direct injection of mRNA, 2008, pp.31, 180~188
  28. Weide, B, "Direct injection of protamine-protected mRNA: results of a phase 1", 2vaccination trial in metastatic melanoma patients, 2009, pp.32, 498~507
  29. Alberer, M, "Safety and immunogenicity of a mRNA rabies vaccine in healthy adults: an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, first-in-human phase 1clinical trial", Lancet, 390, pp.1511~1520 (2017)
  30. Frankish, A, "GENCODE reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes", Nucleic Acids Res, 47, pp.D766~D773 (2019)
  31. Esteller, M, "Non-coding RNAs in human disease", Nat Rev Genet, 12, pp.861~874 (2011)
  32. Beermann, J, "Non-coding RNAs in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches", Physiol Rev, 96, pp.1297~1325 (2016)
  33. Song, J, "Targeting non-coding RNAs for the treatment of retinal diseases", Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 24, pp.284~293 (2021)
  34. Fauman, EB, "Structure-based druggability assessment–identifying suitable targets for small molecule therapeutics", Curr Opin Chem Biol, 15, pp.463~468 (2011)
  35. Finan, C, "The druggable genome and support for target identification and validation in drug development", Sci Transl Med, 9, pp.eaag1166~ (2017)
  36. Springer, AD, "GalNAc-siRNA Conjugates: leading the way for delivery of RNAi therapeutics", Nucleic Acid Ther, 28, pp.109~118 (2018)
  37. Jackson, LA, "An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2- preliminary report", N Engl J Med, 383, pp.1920~1931 (2020)
  38. Mulligan, MJ, "Phase I", II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults, 2020, pp.586, 589~593
  39. Roberts, TC, "Advances in oligonucleotide drug delivery", Nat Rev Drug Discov, 19, pp.673~694 (2020)
  40. Thi, TTH, "Lipid-based nanoparticles in the clinic and clinical trials: from cancer nanomedicine to COVID-19 vaccines", Vaccines, 9, pp.359~ (2021)
  41. Ray, KK, "Inclisiran in patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated LDL cholesterol", N Engl J Med, 376, pp.1430~1440 (2017)
  42. Kim, J, "Patient-customized oligonucleotide therapy for a rare genetic disease", N Engl J Med, 381, pp.1644~1652 (2019)
  43. Liang, XH, "RNase H1-dependent antisense oligonucleotides are robustly active in directing RNA Cleavage in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus", Mol Ther, 25, pp.2075~2092 (2017)
  44. Lennox, KA, "Cellular localization of long non-coding RNAs affects silencing by RNAi more than by antisense oligonucleotides", Nucleic Acids Res, 44, pp.863~877 (2016)
  45. Carthew, RW, "Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs", Cell, 136, pp.642~655 (2009)
  46. Wong, E, "Mipomersen (kynamro): a novel antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor for the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia", P T, 39, pp.119~122 (2014)
  47. Chen, M, "Mechanisms of alternative splicing regulation: insights from molecular and genomics approaches", Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 10, pp.741~754 (2009)
  48. Lee, Y, "Mechanisms and regulation of alternative Pre-mRNA splicing", Annu Rev Biochem, 84, pp.291~323 (2015)
  49. Lunn, MR, "Spinal muscular atrophy", Lancet, 371, pp.2120~2133 (2008)
  50. Wurster, CD, "Nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy", Ther Adv Neurol Disord, 11, pp.1756285618754459~ (2018)
  51. Nowak, KJ, "Duchenne muscular dystrophy and dystrophin: pathogenesis and opportunities for treatment", EMBO Rep, 5, pp.872~876 (2004)
  52. Lim, KR, "Eteplirsen in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy", Drug Des Dev Ther, 11, pp.533~545 (2017)
  53. Frank, DE, "Increased dystrophin production with golodirsen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy", Neurology, 94, pp.e2270~82 (2020)
  54. Tabrizi, SJ, "Targeting Huntingtin expression in patients with Huntington’s disease", N Engl J Med, 380, pp.2307~2316 (2019)
  55. Miller, T, "Phase 1-2 trial of antisense oligonucleotide Tofersen for SOD1 ALS", N Engl J Med, 383, pp.109~119 (2020)
  56. Ha, M, "Regulation of microRNA biogenesis", Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 15, pp.509~524 (2014)
  57. Adams, D, "Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a model of medical progress for a fatal disease", Nat Rev Neurol, 15, pp.387~404 (2019)
  58. Zhang, X, "Pharmacokinetics of Patisiran, the first approved RNA interference therapy in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis", J Clin Pharmacol, 60, pp.573~585 (2019)
  59. Balwani, M, "Phase 3 trial of RNAi therapeutic Givosiran for acute intermittent Porphyria", N Engl J Med, 382, pp.2289~2301 (2020)
  60. Anderson, KE, "Acute hepatic porphyrias: current diagnosis & management", Mol Genet Metab, 128, pp.219~227 (2019)
  61. D’Souza, AA, "Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting - strategies and applications", J Control Rel, 203, pp.126~139 (2015)
  62. Lamb, YN, "Inclisiran: first approval", Drugs, 81, pp.389~395 (2021)
  63. Cariou, B, "Clinical aspects of PCSK9", Atherosclerosis, 216, pp.258~265 (2011)
  64. Gragoudas, ES, "Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration", N Engl J Med, 351, pp.2805~2816 (2004)
  65. Apte, RS, "VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development", Cell, 176, pp.1248~1264 (2019)
  66. Zhou, J, "Current progress of RNA aptamerbased therapeutics", Front Genet, 3, pp.234~ (2012)
  67. Germer, K, "RNA aptamers and their therapeutic and diagnostic applications", Int J Biochem Mol Biol, 4, pp.27~40 (2013)
  68. Jani, B., "In vitro transcription and capping of Gaussia luciferase mRNA followed by HeLa cell transfection", J Vis Exp (2012)[DOI]
  69. Dalpke, A, "RNA mediated Toll-like receptor stimulation in health and disease", RNA Biol, 9, pp.828~842 (2012)
  70. Kariko, K, "Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA", Immunity, 23, pp.165~175 (2005)
  71. An, D, "Systemic messenger RNA therapy as a treatment for methylmalonic acidemia", Cell Re, 21, pp.3548~3558 (2017)
  72. Pardi, N, "Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology", Curr Opin Immunol, 65, pp.14~20 (2020)
  73. Sahin, U, "An RNA vaccine drives immunity in checkpoint-inhibitor-treated melanoma", Nature, 585, pp.107~112 (2020)
  74. Habtemariam, BA, "Single-Dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transthyretin targeting N-acetylgalactosamine-small interfering ribonucleic acid conjugate, vutrisiran, in healthy subjects", Clin Pharmacol Ther, 109, pp.372~382 (2021)
  75. Ray, P, "The impact of nanoparticles on the immune system: a gray zone of nanomedicine", J Immunol Sci, 5, pp.19~33 (2021)
  76. Haute, DV, "Challenges in realizing selectivity for nanoparticle biodistribution and clearance: lessons from gold nanoparticles", Ther Deliv, 8, pp.763~774 (2017)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (191건)