확산길이에 따른 수동식 유기용제 시료채취기의 시료채취성능에 관한 연구
Sampling Efficiency of Organic Vapor Passive Samplers by Diffusive Length
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Passive samplers have been used for many years for the sampling of organic vapors in work environment atmospheres. Currently, all passive samplers used in domestic occupational monitoring are foreign products. This study was performed to evaluate variable parameters for the development of passive organic samplers, which include the geometry of the device and diffusive length for the sampler design. Four prototype diffusive lengths; A-1(4.5 ㎜), A-2(7.0 ㎜), A-3(9.5 ㎜), A-4(12.0 ㎜) were tested for adsorption performances to a chemical mixture (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane) according to the US-OSHA's evaluation protocol. A dynamic vapor exposure chamber developed and verified by related research was used for this study. The results of study are as follows. The results in terms of sampling rate and recommended sampling time test indicate that the most suitable model was A-3 (9.5 ㎜ diffusive lengths on both sides) for passive sampler design in time weighted average (TWA) assessment. Sampling rates of this A-3 model were 45.8, 41.5, 41.4, and 40.3 ㎖l/min for benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane, respectively. The A-3 models were tested on reverse diffusion and conditions of low humidity air (35% RH) and low concentrations (0.2 times of TLV). These conditions had no affect on the diffusion capacity of samplers. In conclusion, the most suitable design parameters of passive sampler are: 1) Geometry and structure - 25 ㎜ diameter and 490 ㎜2 cross sectional area of diffusion face with cylindrical form of two-sided opposite diffusion direction; 2) Diffusive length - 9.5 mm in both faces; 3) Amount of adsorbent - 300 ㎎ of coconut shell charcoal; 4) Wind screen - using nylon net filters (11 ㎛ pore size).
Abstract
Passive samplers have been used for many years for the sampling of organic vapors in work environment atmospheres. Currently, all passive samplers used in domestic occupational monitoring are foreign products. This study was performed to evaluate variable parameters for the development of passive organic samplers, which include the geometry of the device and diffusive length for the sampler design. Four prototype diffusive lengths; A-1(4.5 ㎜), A-2(7.0 ㎜), A-3(9.5 ㎜), A-4(12.0 ㎜) were tested for adsorption performances to a chemical mixture (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane) according to the US-OSHA's evaluation protocol. A dynamic vapor exposure chamber developed and verified by related research was used for this study. The results of study are as follows. The results in terms of sampling rate and recommended sampling time test indicate that the most suitable model was A-3 (9.5 ㎜ diffusive lengths on both sides) for passive sampler design in time weighted average (TWA) assessment. Sampling rates of this A-3 model were 45.8, 41.5, 41.4, and 40.3 ㎖l/min for benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane, respectively. The A-3 models were tested on reverse diffusion and conditions of low humidity air (35% RH) and low concentrations (0.2 times of TLV). These conditions had no affect on the diffusion capacity of samplers. In conclusion, the most suitable design parameters of passive sampler are: 1) Geometry and structure - 25 ㎜ diameter and 490 ㎜2 cross sectional area of diffusion face with cylindrical form of two-sided opposite diffusion direction; 2) Diffusive length - 9.5 mm in both faces; 3) Amount of adsorbent - 300 ㎎ of coconut shell charcoal; 4) Wind screen - using nylon net filters (11 ㎛ pore size).
참고문헌 (28)
- Palmes, E. D., "A simple mathematical model for diffusional sampler operation", American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 47(7), pp.418~420 (1986)
- "National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) : Toluene (diffusive sampler) (Method 4000) in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method (NMAM)", ~ (1994)
- Volatile organic compounds in air in methods for the determination of hazardous substances, "United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE)", ~ (1997)
- Pristas, R, "Passive badges for compliance monitoring internationally", American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 55(9), pp.841~844 (1994)
- Usability of passive sampler for working environment measurement in question and answer in industrial health and safety law, "Ministry of Labor", ~ (2001)
- 김선규, "대기 중 이산화질소의 단기 측정을 위한 뱃지형passive sampler의 개발 및 평가", 한국대기환경학회지, 22(1), pp.117~126 (2006), 한국대기환경학회
- 임봉빈, "Evaluation of an Ammonia Passive Sampler Using Chamber System", Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 22(1), pp.1~8 (2006), 한국대기환경학회
- Yim, B, "Badge-type diffusive sampler using 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone for measuring formaldehyde in indoor air", Analytical Science, 227, pp.993~997 (2006)
- Kim, S. T., "Development of a passive air sampler for the measurement of indoor formaldehyde", Analytical Science, 23(4), pp.497~500 (2007)
- Byeon, S. H., "The sampling efficiencies of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the diffusive monitor with activated carbon fiber", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 6(2), pp.187~201 (1996)
- Paik, N. W., "Evaluation of commercially available passive samplers and development of new passive samplers. Part 1: Evaluation of commercially avaliable passive samplers", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 6(1), pp.109~124 (1996)
- Paik, N. W., "Evaluation of commercially available passive samplers and development of new passive samplers. Part 2: Development of new passive samplers", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 6(1), pp.97~108 (1996)
- Cho, S. J., "Field comparison of korean diffusive sampler and charcoal tube methods for determination of organic vapors", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 7(1), pp.33~48 (1997)
- Paik, N. W., "Field evaluation korean passive sampler for organic vapor", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 8(1), pp.124~132 (1998)
- Occupational Safety and Health Law. Threshold limit Values for chemical Substances and Physical Agents exposure indices, "Ministry of Labor", ~, pp.Notice No. 2007-25 (2007)
- 이광용, "확산식 시료채취기에서 기류제어 막 공극 크기에 따른 시료채취율의 변화특성에 관한 연구", 한국산업위생학회지, 14(2), pp.125~133 (2004), 한국산업위생학회
- Lee, B. K., "Development of standard vapor generation system", 2006 Winter conference of Korean society of occupational and environmental hygiene, pp.102~104 (2006), Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
- Protocol for assessing the performance of a diffusive sampler in methods for the determination of hazardous substances, "United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive", ~ (1994)
- Protocol for the evaluation of passive monitors. In diffusive sampling: An alternative approach to workplace air monitoring, "Cassinelli, M. E.", An alternative approach to workplace air monitoring,A.Berlin,R.H.Brown,and K.J.Saunders(Royal Society of Chemistry,London)(eds.),NIOSH Protocol for the evaluation of passive monitors,190-202, 190~202 (1987)
- Workplace atmospheres-diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours-Requirements and test methods, "Comite Europeen de Normalisation", Comite Europeen de Normalisation, ~, pp.EN 838 (1995)
- "Evaluation guidelines for air sampling methods utilizing chromatographic analysis"[URL]
- Workplace atmospheres-Protocol for evaluating the performance of diffusive samplers, "International Organization for Standardization", ~, pp.ISO (2006), TC146[DOI]
- Hydrocarbons, Aromatic (Method 1501) in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method (NMAM), "National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health", ~ (1994)
- Byeon, S. H., "The effects of face velocity and path length on the uptake rates of volatile organic compounds measured by diffusive samplers", Journal of orean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11(1), pp.34~41 (2001)
- Paik, N. W., "Measurement and evaluation for occupational environment" (1999), Singwang press
- Park, M. J., "A study on organic solvent measurement using diffusive sampler", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 4(2), pp.208~223 (1994)
- Han, J. G., "Effects of temperature and relative humidity on the sampling efficiencies of mixed organic vapors measured by diffusion monitors", Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 5(2), pp.200~211 (1995)
- Gregory, E. D., "Sample retention properties of passive organic vapor samp lers and charcoal tubes under various conditions of sample loading, relative humidity, zero exposure level periods and a competitive solvent", American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 44(2), pp.88~96 (1983)