익산지역 대기 중 PM_10과 PM_(2.5)의 계절별 특성
Seasonal Characteristics of Atmospheric PM_10 and PM_(2.5) in Iksan, Korea
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초록
The seasonal characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were evaluated through the measurement of PM10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm) and PM_(2.5) (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) collected in the downtown area of Iksan city over roughly two weeks in each season of 2004. During the sampling period, 54 samples of PM_10 and PM_( 2.5) were collected and then measured for mass concentrations of PM and its water-soluble inorganic ion species. The concentrations of PM_10 and PM _(2.5) were highly variable on a daily time scale in all seasons, especially in fall. Annual concentrations of PM_10 and PM_( 2.5) were 54.7±21.6 μg/m3 and 34.0±13.4 μg/m3 ,respectively. The daily concentrations of the analyzed ions similarly showed a pronounced variation, although a dif-ference between seasons existed. Among them, SO_4^ (2−), NO_3^ − and NH_4^ + were the most abundant ions in all seasons, con-tributing up to 32% of PM_10 and 39% of PM_ (2.5) . The contribution of SO _4^( 2−) and NO_ 3 ^− showed a seasonal variation, as SO _4^( 2−) was the highest during spring and summer and NO_3^ − was the highest during fall and winter. Non-seasalt SO_4^( 2−)and NO _3^ − were found to exist mainly as neutralized chemical components of (NH_4)^2 SO _4 and NH _4 NO _3 due to the high concentration of NH_ 4^ + in PM samples, which were a major form of airborne PM in all seasons. Seasonal characteristics of PM _10 and PM _(2. 5) in Iksan were described in relation to the temporal variations of daily concentration of PM and its inorganic ion species including inter-particle reactions.
Abstract
The seasonal characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were evaluated through the measurement of PM10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm) and PM_(2.5) (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) collected in the downtown area of Iksan city over roughly two weeks in each season of 2004. During the sampling period, 54 samples of PM_10 and PM_( 2.5) were collected and then measured for mass concentrations of PM and its water-soluble inorganic ion species. The concentrations of PM_10 and PM _(2.5) were highly variable on a daily time scale in all seasons, especially in fall. Annual concentrations of PM_10 and PM_( 2.5) were 54.7±21.6 μg/m3 and 34.0±13.4 μg/m3 ,respectively. The daily concentrations of the analyzed ions similarly showed a pronounced variation, although a dif-ference between seasons existed. Among them, SO_4^ (2−), NO_3^ − and NH_4^ + were the most abundant ions in all seasons, con-tributing up to 32% of PM_10 and 39% of PM_ (2.5) . The contribution of SO _4^( 2−) and NO_ 3 ^− showed a seasonal variation, as SO _4^( 2−) was the highest during spring and summer and NO_3^ − was the highest during fall and winter. Non-seasalt SO_4^( 2−)and NO _3^ − were found to exist mainly as neutralized chemical components of (NH_4)^2 SO _4 and NH _4 NO _3 due to the high concentration of NH_ 4^ + in PM samples, which were a major form of airborne PM in all seasons. Seasonal characteristics of PM _10 and PM _(2. 5) in Iksan were described in relation to the temporal variations of daily concentration of PM and its inorganic ion species including inter-particle reactions.
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